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Background and AimsAcute exacerbation (AE) of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is common and negatively impacts the clinical outcome. Although upsurge of viral load always precedes or coincides with AE, the underlying immunological mechanisms remain unclear and were investigated.
MethodsWe prospectively followed the serum cytokine/chemokine profiles, viral load, and alanine aminotransferase...
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