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Type I IFN production differs in magnitude and kinetics between different cell types. Robust and rapid induction of interferon-β (IFN-β) after pathogenic stimulation is a key property that is exclusive to human blood monocytes. This disparity raised the possibility that distinct myeloid-specific transcription factor(s) may be involved in the rapid induction of IFN-β in monocytes compared with non-myeloid...
EGR1 and EGR2 are closely related members of an early growth response family of transcription factors, with EGR1 generally considered to be a positive regulator and EGR2 a negative regulator of T cell activation, promoting T cell anergy while decreasing autoimmunity. Here, we have studied the roles of these factors during influenza infection and unexpectedly found that EGR2, but not EGR1, is required...
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has broad actions on T and B cells, but its actions in innate immunity are poorly understood. Here we show that IL-21 induced apoptosis of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) via STAT3 and Bim, and this was inhibited by granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). ChIP-Seq analysis revealed genome-wide binding competition between GM-CSF-induced STAT5 and IL-21-induced...
T helper (Th) cells play critical functions in response to infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. Upon exposure to an infectious agent or stimulus, different types of Th responses are observed, which influence disease outcome, with differences in responses in different inbred mouse strains as well. To investigate the genetic factors that contribute to such differential immune responses, we...
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