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Oxy-nitriding has been found to be an effective surface treatment technique, used widely in industrial applications due to its ability to prolong the performance lifetime of components. However there has been little work focussing on the potential synergistic effects on tribological behaviour between the treated layers after oxy-nitriding and anti-wear lubricant additives to optimise performance....
A modelling framework has recently been developed which considers tribochemistry in deterministic contact mechanics simulations in boundary lubrication. One of the capabilities of the model is predicting the evolution of surface roughness with respect to the effect of tribochemistry. The surface roughness affects the behaviour of tribologically loaded contacts and is therefore of great importance...
Laser surface melting (LSM) has the potential to increase the resistance of steels to erosion–corrosion. In this study a submerged jet impingement system containing a brine under saturated CO2 conditions with sand has been used to assess the effect of LSM on the erosion–corrosion resistance of X65 steel. Erosion–corrosion rates under different experimental conditions were deduced based on CFD-simulated...
Water has long been recognised as a contaminant in lubricants. It can affect wear performance, especially in bearing systems, in complex ways. Water can also induce corrosion, which in turn can enhance wear. The individual parts of any tribocorrosion system are related to a complex mix of system parameters such as lubricant and additives, relative humidity and temperature. The effect of different...
Erosive wear due to formation sand in petroleum production is a major threat to pipeline integrity which needs to be monitored continuously to maintain operational success, safety and security; and minimize harm to the environment. The monitoring process can best be achieved through a fast, cost effective, non-intrusive and real-time acoustic emission (AE) technique. In this study, a method based...
The interaction between corrosion and erosion has often been a subject of debate among scientists and engineers. The total material degradation when corrosion and erosion interact is often more than the individual components acting separately. Much effort has been directed towards the study of erosion–corrosion behaviour of carbon steels, standard austenitic and duplex stainless steels, highly alloyed...
This paper presents the failure analysis of cemented metal on metal (MoM) total hip replacements (THR) from a single centre cohort. In this paper all retrieved femoral stems were implanted and revised at the Norfolk and Norwich University hospital by three specialist hip surgeons. All patients were subjected to the same combination of metallic implants, operative and follow up procedure. Between 1997...
Improvement of fuel economy and component durability as well as reduction of dependence on some harmful components of lubricants are the key concerns for automotive industries. In recent years, efforts have been made to use surface engineered surfaces in automotive components to produce environmentally friendly vehicles as well as to increase fuel economy. Since commercially available lubricants are...
Various carbon steel sections of pipework removed from an offshore facility were examined and found to have experienced exceptionally high wall thickness losses as a result of internal degradation. This prompted a case study to determine the mechanisms of degradation which had occurred and to ascertain the reasons why the implementation of corrosion inhibitor provided little protection to certain...
Erosion–corrosion of pipeline steel API-5L-X65 has in recent years become an important issue due to the high sand production rate and watercut in the maturing assets. The scope of using corrosion inhibitor to mitigate erosion–corrosion arises due to a number of industrial demands. The present study has been conducted to assess the performance of API-5L-X65 and the effect of corrosion inhibitor under...
A systematic study of pipeline steel (API X65) degradation due to erosion–corrosion containing sand in a CO 2 saturated environment has been carried out. This work focuses on the total material loss, corrosion, erosion and their interactions (synergy) as a function of environmental parameters (temperature, flow velocity and sand content) to enable the critical conditions, which move the damage...
Tribological problems and corrosion degradation have been recognized as essential risks for total joint replacements, especially for all-metal arthroplasty. Few studies have focused on the interactions between tribology and corrosion (tribo-corrosion) for implant materials. This paper addresses the importance of understanding tribo-corrosion and the evaluation of such materials in simulated biological...
In this paper results from erosion–corrosion tests performed under liquid–solid erosion conditions in 3.5% NaCl liquid medium are reported. The focus of the paper is to compare the behaviour of Stellite alloy 706 which contains 5wt.% molybdenum with Stellite alloy 6 which contains 4.8wt.% tungsten, both in cast and Hot Isostatically Pressed (HIPed) form, in terms of their electrochemical corrosion...
The erosion-corrosion resistance of high alloy stainless steel UNS S32654 and standard stainless steel UNS S31603 has been assessed under liquid-solid impingement conditions. The electrochemical characteristics of the two stainless steels have been examined via free corrosion potential measurements, anodic polarisation, linear polarisation and potentiostatic control in erosion-corrosion.It has been...
In this paper, the action of the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) anti-wear additive has been examined on two different materials (Steel AISI 52100 and a Co/Cr/Mo thermal spray coating) sliding against cast iron in reciprocating mode. Tests have been conducted under lubricated wear conditions at relatively low (20, 50 o C) and elevated (up to 100 o C) bulk oil temperatures. A comparison...
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