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Osteoarthritis is a common cartilage disease, particularly in societies with aging population. Over 80% of the people over 75 years are affected in the USA. MRI and X-ray can be used to image cartilage, but both approaches suffer from specific drawbacks. X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometers (TLI) have the potential to unite benefits from both modalities. However, TLI setups require to be carefully designed...
This paper contains a combined experimental and simulation study of the effect of Al and AlInP nanoparticles on the performance of multijunction (MJ) solar cells. In particular, we investigate oblique photon scattering by the nanoparticle arrays as a means of improving thinned subcells or those with low diffusion lengths, either inherently or due to radiation damage. Experimental results show the...
A recurring theme in optics and photonics is the ability of metal nanostructures to imbue artificial materials with new functions. Metallic nano-antennas [1], so-called meta-atoms, are the building blocks of such metamaterials that boast unusual linear [2, 3] and nonlinear [4– 6] characteristics not observed in natural materials. Recently, nonlinear metamaterials have generated considerable excitement;...
The search for higher efficiencies in photovoltaics has led us to develop increasingly complex solar cell architectures that rely on increasingly complex physical processes. The desire to overcome the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit has caused us to consider stacks of junctions with cascading bandgaps, quantum dots and impurities for the creation of intermediate bands, amongst others. The need...
Optical signals are increasingly used to transfer and process information, because of their high speed, bandwidth, and propagation distances in transparent optical networks. However, the miniaturization of photonic devices faces a hard block: the diffraction limit. One proposed means to go beyond this limit is to use surface plasmons polaritons (SPPs), charge density waves at the interface between...
We demonstrate an organic polariton condensate that exhibits nonlinear interactions at room-temperature. Upon reaching threshold, we observe a superlinear power dependence, a power-dependent blueshift and the emergence of long-range spatial coherence resulting from polariton interactions.
The possibility to use noble metals to guide light could lead to truly nanoscale photonic devices. Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs), charge density waves of electrons at the interface between a metal and a dielectric, can be excited by light, and guide it with a deep sub-wavelength confinement. Another exciting prospect is their use in nanoscale quantum optics experiments: it has been shown that...
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