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Understanding how multiple muscles are recruited across a joint has typically been approached from relating muscle activity to resultant forces. New tools are now available to look deeper into a muscle's recruitment by observing groups of single motor units. Identifying changes in the motor unit activity both within a muscle and between muscles the redundancies in motor control can be better understood...
Characteristic mode theory (CMT) is employed to calculate the eigenmodes of dielectric objects based on the volume integral equation. With the knowledge of modal current, the quality factor (Q) of the characteristic modes are then calculated. In contrast to most conventional analysis techniques, the modal Qs are now available at any frequency, rather than only their resonant frequencies. This method...
We introduce a systematic approach to the shape optimization of compact, single-aperture MIMO antennas. Because the characteristic modes of a radiator represent its complete set of possible responses to an excitation, any port on the antenna must display the properties of a combination of one or more of these characteristic modes. By restricting our consideration to a class of symmetric antennas,...
We introduce a design methodology for planar MIMO antennas, including both shape synthesis and feed placement. Using characteristic mode theory (CMT), the planar MIMO antenna aperture is first optimized to support multiple self-resonant and low Q modes. Iterative mesh refinement is employed to improve the convergence speed. Optimal feed positions for the multi-port aperture are then selected based...
Faced with highly complex and ambiguous visual input, human observers must rely on prior knowledge and assumptions to efficiently determine the structure of their surroundings. One of these assumptions is the ‘light-from-above’ prior. In the absence of explicit light-source information, the visual system assumes that the light-source is roughly overhead. A simple, low-cost strategy would place this...
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