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The pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin 17 (IL‐17), that is mainly produced by Th17 cells, has been recognized as a key regulator in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Reactive astrocytes stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines including IL‐17 are involved in blood brain barrier destruction, inflammatory cells infiltration and spinal cord injury. However,...
Cover Illustration: Invert images from electron microscopy examination of the ultrastructure of myelin sheath in the corpus callosum region of the WT (upper) and GPR149 knockout (lower) mice two weeks after cuprizone withdrawal. GPR149 deficiency results in significantly enhanced remyelination. (See Suo, N. et al, https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.24233)
Myelin sheath, formed by oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in periphery, plays a critical role in supporting neuronal functions. OLs, differentiated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), are important for myelination during development and myelin repair in CNS demyelinating disease. To identify mechanisms of myelin development and remyelination after...
The integrity of blood–brain‐barrier (BBB) is essential for normal brain functions, synaptic remodeling, and angiogenesis. BBB disruption is a common pathology during Parkinson's disease (PD), and has been hypothesized to contribute to the progression of PD. However, the molecular mechanism of BBB disruption in PD needs further investigation. Here, A53T PD mouse and a 3‐cell type in vitro BBB model...
Th17 cells and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) have been found to play an important role in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Response to IL‐17, reactive astrocytes accompany with immune cells infiltration and axonal damage in MS/EAE. However, the role and the regulatory mechanism of IL‐17‐activated astrocytes in inflammation and...
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