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Most of the existing population behavior studies are about the analysis of the population dynamic behavior of genetic algorithm, while there is little analysis of the population dynamic behavior of particle swarm optimization (PSO). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to characterize the population dynamic behavior of PSO in the search process. In this paper, we propose some metrics...
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has attracted great attention as a stochastic optimizing method due to its simplicity and power strength in optimization fields. However, two issues are still to be improved, especially, for complex multimodal problems. One is the premature convergence for multimodal problems. The other is the low efficiency for complex problems. To address these two issues,...
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