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Frequency dependent (ac) and independent (dc) conductivity measurements have been carried out on polyaniline (PANI) films deposited by solution casting technique. Under low electric field (1 × 103 V/cm) condition, the dc conductivity measured in the temperature range of 173–303 K obeys the three-dimensional variable range hopping (3D VRH) formalism. The Mott parameters such as localization length...
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