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This paper investigates potential conflicts of interest between distribution system operators (DSOs) and aggregators. We propose a method to quantify the allowed operating range of residential flexible loads in a local distribution network. The calculated bounds can be used to formulate DSO services, tradable on a potential DSO service market platform. Aggregators are considered, concentrating thermostatically...
The trend towards electrification of the heating sector in many cases leads to the replacement of fossil-fueled heating systems with electric heat pumps. This may result to significantly higher consumption and potentially violations of the distribution grid operational limits. We propose a day-ahead optimization strategy to assess the cost of imposing capacity limitations in the total consumption...
The purpose of this paper is to quantify the effect of biased system frequency deviations and charger losses in order for an aggregation of electric vehicles (EVs) to provide reliable primary frequency control (PFC). A data set consisting of one year of frequency measurements of the Nordic synchronous zone is used for the analysis. The average system frequency can be biased over the hour, which can...
There is a growing interest in utilizing demand-side flexibility to provide ancillary services. Various methods have been proposed for frequency control with thermostatically controlled loads, yet few consider practical load constraints. In this paper, we develop a fully decentralized method to provide primary frequency control (PFC) with domestic refrigerators taking into account startup compressor...
Thermal loads can, in principle, provide ancillary services to power systems. In this paper, we propose a new, practical frequency control scheme that allows different types of thermal loads to collaboratively offer reserves in parallel to generators. Primary reserves are provided by residential refrigerators in a decentralized fashion based on local frequency measurements. Secondary reserves come...
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