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DC community and residential microgrids are recognized as effective means for electrification of remote areas as a result of monumental efforts in many parts of the world — most significantly in India — but also through similar efforts in Nepal, Cameroon, New Guinea and Nigeria. So far modular approaches have been developed that enable construction of scalable microgrids based on PV and battery storage...
A microgrid is defined by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as “a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) with clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the electric utility grid.” Today 1.4 billion people in the world have no access to electricity and a billion more only have limited access to unreliable electricity...
A residential DC microgrid is being built in an underserved community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The short circuit protection for this DC system and discrimination of faults along the interconnecting cables is a significant challenge. This paper addresses discrimination of sudden short circuit faults using an ultra-fast normally-on Silicon Carbide (SiC) Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET)-SiC based...
With the push towards Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) based shipboard electrical distribution systems, the power converter(s) between Medium Voltage AC generators and common MVDC buses must handle more power than any other electrical power conversion component in the ship. The Modular Multi-Level Converter (MMLC) is a compelling topology for this function because of its modular structure and the potential...
The motivation toward the application of DC microgrids is increasing as a result of the increasing number of electronic loads. DC microgrids decreases the number of conversions, avoids the voltage harmonics and reactive power associated with AC microgrids, is a lower cost solution and is capability of supplying a high quality voltage to sensitive dc loads. One of the main concerns regarding DC microgrids...
Community DC microgrid is considered as an efficient solution for providing clean energy for residential areas. Connection of the DC microgrid to the AC utility grid would need a power electronic based rectifier. Voltage Source Rectifier (VSR) and Current Source Rectifier (CSR) are considered as the two options for such application. This study compares the two topologies based on their power density...
As the proliferation of distributed generation and power electronic equipment in power systems, direct current (DC) microgrid has emerged and attracted more research attention. Protection of DC microgrid is a significant challenge and to build a well-functioning protection system, locating faults accurately is important. This is especially the case with the location of ground faults in DC microgrid...
A community DC microgrid is proposed that is embedded within an urban neighborhood in an underserved community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This community microgrid will be a proving ground for residential DC power distribution and sharing of renewable energy resources between homes. The system will be built into existing homes that have been vacated as a result of a long period of economic recession...
This paper provides experimental verification of a fault isolation sequence in a DC Zonal Electrical System. Three electrical zones consisting of phase controlled rectifier interfaces to medium voltage AC distribution, two DC distribution buses and downstream converters, inverters feeding loads are energized and bolted faults are applied to various locations. The Fault Isolation and Reconfiguration...
The search for the optimum architecture for Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) Integrated Power Systems must take into account the short circuit protection in addition to overarching goals of efficiency, survivability and cost effectiveness. A comparison study is performed for architectures with a suitable combination of protective devices and power conversion. This leads also to an optimum MVDC bus voltage...
Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) architectures are identified from the literature search that are suitable for a highly survivable 20kVdc shipboard Integrated Power System (IPS). “Breaker-based” architectures enable fast fault isolation through the use of Solid State Protective Device (SSPD) technology. “Breaker-less” architectures require based generator power converter and Solid State Transformer (SST)...
While operation of the three phase Current Source Rectifier (CSR) for ac-to-dc conversion using phase control or low frequency pulse control is well established in a wide variety of applications, CSR realization using high frequency Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) control is being studied recently as a potentially competitive alternative to a Voltage Source Rectifier (VSR). In the CSR reverse blocking...
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