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Acoustic Underwater Networks (AUNs) operate in a dynamic and inhomogeneous medium where acoustic signals tend to refract causing difficulty in sustaining connectivity and locating lost nodes. Such inhomogeneity is usually apprehended by observing sound speed variations in aquatic mediums, which is obtained by taking measurements at discrete depths, using historical samples, or by applying ocean acoustic...
Underwater environments are categorized as inhomogeneous habitats which complicates determining long range propagation losses. Basically, transmitted signals tend to refract and change direction in accordance to the encountered sound speed profile (SSP). Therefore, a uniform spreading beam quickly loses its uniformity and complicating the estimation of the signal strength at a beam's wave front. Such...
The underwater medium is an extreme environment for achieving accurate localization due to its many challenges, some of which includes propagation delay, multipath, rough surfaces, and more. Localization relies on accurate ranging information such as time of arrival, time difference of arrival, and angle of arrival (AOA). In the underwater environment, these ranging measurements will be prone to errors...
Our society relies on extensive pipeline networks to transfer and deliver water, oil, etc. In many cases the pipeline extends over hundreds of miles and run through inhospitable environments. The pipes are often subject to erosion over time due to the parametric conditions. In addition, pipes carrying valuable commodity may be subject to theft, sabotage, etc. Leakage not only would waste resources,...
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