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We theoretically study the phase dependent gain–absorption properties in an Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal. We show that the phenomenon of flattened gain (absorption) can be achieved in a closed three-level system when the total interaction phase equals to π/2 (3π/2). We also can realize a flexible control of the gain equalization with different amplitudes and frequency regions...
The double barrier structures in a LiNbO 3 waveguide have been investigated by 3.2 MeV He + and 2.0 MeV He + implantation to the dose of 3 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 and 1.5 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 , respectively. The modes were measured using a prism (rutile) coupling method. The width of the modes is very irregular. The refractive index profile is analyzed...
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