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The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one of the most advanced devices in the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) family. The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has recently become popular in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission and FACTS systems. The application of the MMC in a UPFC is an innovative idea, but its controller features a complex and hierarchical structure that requires...
This paper analyzes the possible range of the DC currents developed by a pole-to-pole DC fault in a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) -based high voltage direct current (HVDC) system, using half-bridge submodules (SM), when the actual control and protection (C&P) scheme for the system recently installed in China is applied. The results derived from differential equations are validated by hardware-in-the-loop...
Being the first five-terminal Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based HVDC project in the world, the control and protection system must be validated under various operation modes as well as contingency at the factory acceptance test. This paper presents the configuration and performance of a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform that is based on a multi-rate real-time simulator using commercial-off-the-shelf...
This paper presents the dynamic performance test of a complete control and protection system for a Multi-terminal MMC HVDC system using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. A novel HIL bench with a cost-effective input and output interface between the control system under test and the real-time simulator is introduced. Two critical test cases, namely the start-up of the MMC connected to islanded...
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