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New design of a second order microwave integrator is obtained by applying the evolutionary based optimization techniques in Z-domain. The structure of proposed integrator consists of eight serial transmission lines in cascade configuration. The beauty of the proposed integrator is that it has not more than 12.05% relative error over the frequency range of 1.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz. Simulation is carried...
In this study, new infinite impulse response (IIR) digital differentiators of second, third and fourth orders based on optimising the L1-error fitness function using the bat algorithm (BA) are proposed. The coefficients of numerator and denominator of the differentiators are computed by minimising the L1-norm of the error fitness function along with imposing the constraint for the location of poles...
Transfer function of a third-order differentiator in the z-domain is obtained by applying optimization techniques. Comparing this discrete-time transfer function with the transfer function of transmission-line configuration in z-domain and using optimization algorithms, a third-order microwave differentiator is designed which can work up to 10 GHz. Microstrip lines are used for designing the third-order...
In this paper, new designs of first order microwave integrator are proposed by using six equal length transmission line sections. One of the proposed designs is obtained by changing the normalizing frequency of existing design of microwave integrator and the other design is obtained by optimizing the characteristic impedances of transmission line sections. The simulated results are almost close with...
A simple technique is described to improve the performance of existing microwave filter in the fractional sense. In this technique, a relation is derived to obtain the values of conventional inductor and capacitor by equalizing the impedance in integer and in fractional sense, which behave as fractance devices. Further, this technique is applied to improve the performance of existing lowpass-bandpass...
This paper presents the optimal designs of fractional order low pass and high pass filters with the Butterworth approximation, which are obtained by using particle swarm optimization and suitable scaling. Further, the error analysis of the designed filters and the existing filters with the ideal ones is given to see the effectiveness of this optimization technique in the improvement of the designed...
A new kind of multipurpose filters which act as a differentiator in lower half of the Nyquist frequency range and as an integrator in upper half of the Nyquist frequency range, and vice-versa, are presented. These filters have infinite impulse response (IIR) and are derived using Genetic algorithm optimization technique. The phase responses of the proposed designs are almost linear over the entire...
This paper presents a new kind of multi-purpose filter which acts as a differentiator in lower half of the Nyquist frequency range and as an integrator in upper half of the Nyquist frequency range, and vice-versa. Thus, same filter can be used as a differentiator as well as an integrator in different frequency bands. The transfer functions of the proposed systems have infinite impulse response (IIR)...
This paper presents the designing of higher order fractional low pass, high pass and band reject filters of order (n+α), where n is the integer and α is the fractional step with value 0<α<1 using the fractional order Laplacian, sα. Firstly, the designs of low pass and high pass filters are obtained in the s-domain by evaluating the filter coefficients to satisfy Butterworth approximation. Then,...
In this paper, simulated annealing and suitable scaling optimization techniques are used to design the fractional order low pass filters with Butterworth approximation. The frequency responses of the obtained optimal designs are closer to the ideal one as compared to the other existing designs. The designed filters are further realized using Tow-Thomas biquad topology by replacing traditional capacitors...
In this paper, the genetic algorithm is used to improve the performance of fractional order lowpass filters with Butterworth approximation. This improvement is obtained by using the coefficient optimization and suitable scaling to approximate the ideal frequency response. Further, the error analysis of the designed and the existing filters with the performance of ideal ones is given to see the effectiveness...
New designs of recursive digital differentiator and integrator are obtained by optimizing the pole-zero locations of existing design of recursive digital differentiator over a specific Nyquist band. These obtained designs have not more than 0.37% relative errors in magnitude responses over wideband. Further, the zero-reflection approach is applied to improve the phase responses of proposed and existing...
In this paper, the Prony's signal modeling approach is used to design fractional delay (FD) infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. This approach utilizes the least mean square error technique in indirect way to model the FD finite impulse response (FIR) filters into the lower order FD IIR filters. This modeling approach is the combination of direct least square method and the Pade's signal modeling...
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