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Ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) measured in-situ in the solar wind show often large deviations from a simple Maxwellian distribution. Even a main part of the proton VDF (proton core) situated around the global maximum maintains a bi-Maxwellian character. Moreover, skewness, related to a non-thermal tail or proton beam, is often observed. In addition to these two proton populations, various...
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