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Linear [one-dimensional (1-D)] sparse arrays such as nested arrays and minimum redundancy arrays have hole-free difference coarrays with $O(N^2)$ virtual sensor elements, where $N$ is the number of physical sensors. The hole-free property makes it easier to perform beamforming and DOA estimation in the coarray domain which behaves like an uniform linear array. The $O(N^2)$ property implies that $O(N^2)$...
Two-dimensional sparse arrays with hole-free difference coarrays, like billboard arrays and open box arrays, can identify O(N2) uncorrelated source directions (DOA) using N sensors. These arrays contain some dense ULA segments, leading to many sensor pairs separated by λ/2. The DOA estimation performance often suffers degradation due to mutual coupling between such closely-spaced sensor pairs. This...
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