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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can be used to activate the dysfunctional lower limb muscles of individuals with neurological disorders to produce cycling as a means of rehabilitation. However, previous literature suggests that poor muscle control and nonphysiological muscle fiber recruitment during FES-cycling causes lower efficiency and power output at the cycle crank than able-bodied cycling,...
This paper considers muscle contraction dynamics during co-contraction of antagonist bi-articular muscles for tracking control of a human limb. Co-contraction of antagonist muscles play an important role for joint stiffness and stability and experimental results show the existence of co-contraction during volitional movements. This paper shows the role of co-contraction by using three pairs of bi-articular...
A functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based tracking controller is developed to enable cycling based on a strategy to yield force direction efficiency by exploiting antagonistic bi-articular muscles. Given the input redundancy naturally occurring among multiple muscle groups, the force direction at the pedal is explicitly determined as a means to improve the efficiency of cycling. A model of a...
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