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Planar waveguides were first formed in thulium sodium yttrium tungstate (Tm:NaY(WO 4 ) 2 ) crystals by the implantation of MeV He, P and Ni ions with certain doses at room temperature, respectively. The refractive index profiles of the three ion implanted waveguides were found different to some extent. The present data show that He + ion implanted waveguides in Tm:NaY(WO ...
The first planar optical waveguide was formed in neodymium sodium yttrium tungstate (Nd:NaY(WO 4 ) 2 ) crystal by 2.6MeV He + ion implantation at a dose of 1.5x10 16 ions/cm 2 at room temperature. The dark modes were measured using the prism-coupling method. The refractive index profiles were analyzed using the reflectivity calculation method (RCM). TRIM'98...
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