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AHSG, a serum glycoprotein with recognized anti-calcification activity, has also been suggested to modulate both bone formation and resorption. Though the bulk of AHSG is mostly synthesized in the liver, it has been claimed that also bone cells might produce it. However, the extent of the bone AHSG production and the potential controlling factors remain to be definitively proven.A relevant number...
It has been hypothesized that activation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) by thiazolidinedione drugs can increase adipogenesis at the expense of osteogenesis, leading to bone loss. However, the reported skeletal effects of these compounds are varied and their effects on cortical bone are unknown. In this study, we examined the changes in both cancellous and cortical bone of...
The EP4 receptor, one of the subtypes of the prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) receptor, plays a critical role in the anabolic effects of PGE 2 on bone. However, its role in the maintenance of bone mass in aged animals and its role in fracture healing is not well known. Our studies addressed these issues by characterizing the skeletal phenotype of aged, EP4 receptor knockout (KO)...
The relationship between MTHFR (C677T) genotypes of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, bone mineral density (BMD), and vertebral fracture was studied in 657 Chinese men and women. No association between MTHFR (C677T) and BMD was found in postmenopausal women (aged 55–59 years, n = 178), elderly women (aged 70–79 years, n = 247), or elderly men (aged 70–79 years, n = 232) at the hip, spine, or...
To evaluate the biological effects of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone, MK-4) on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss, we have examined histological alterations of femoral metaphyses of sham-operated (sham group), ovariectomized (OVX group), and MK-4 dietary-supplemented OVX (MK-4 group; 50 mg/kg per day) female Fischer rats 1, 2, 5, and 8 weeks after OVX. In the first week, rats of the OVX and MK-4 groups...
One hundred women on inhaled steroid therapy (dose range from 800 to <1600 μg per day) were randomized to receive 10 mg of oral alendronate or placebo (with 500 mg of calcium in the form of daily calcium carbonate). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The percentage changes in BMD were -0.80% in the placebo group and 2.99% in the alendronate group at the...
PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for the estrogen receptor gene (ERG) and its relation to bone mineral density (BMD) were examined in 454 postmenopausal Chinese women, aged 55-79 years. The RFLPs were represented as P or p (PvuII) and X or x (XbaI), with capital letters signifying the absence of and small letters the presence of restriction sites. There was no significant...
The purpose of the current report is to compare the skeletal effects of PTH treatment at red (hematopoietic) and yellow (fatty) marrow sites in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. In the first study, mature, slowly growing ovx rats that were 4 months of age and 4 weeks postovariectomy were treated with human parathyroid hormone [hPTH(1-34)] (80 μg/kg, 5 days/week) for 6 weeks. In the second study, aged ovx...
In the ovariectomized (ovx) rat, the nonsteroidal antiestrogens, clomiphene (CLO) and tamoxifen (TAM), at dose levels that prevent development of osteopenia to a degree approaching that of 17β-estradiol are, in contrast to 17β-estradiol, only weakly uterotrophic. Metabolites of CLO and TAM might contribute differentially to these effects. Thus, we have evaluated bone protective and uterine effects...
To characterize osteopenic changes in the femoral neck of ovariectomized (ovx) rats, female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovx or sham operated upon at 3 months of age and killed at various times from 0 to 360 days postsurgery. Quantitative bone histomorphometry was performed on undecalcified longitudinal sections of the proximal femur from each rat. This skeletal site was found to be slowly growing, as...
Previous studies have shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH) monotherapy and cotherapy with estrogen or risedronate augment vertebral bone mass and bone strength in young, ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The current study was designed to determine whether PTH has similar bone anabolic effects in aged OVX rats at a much later stage of estrogen depletion. Female Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to sham...
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated at 3 months of age and maintained untreated for 1 year after surgery. Baseline control and OVX rats were killed at the beginning of treatment when the rats were 15 months of age and 1 year postovariectomy. The remaining rats were treated with hPTH 1-34 (80 μg/kg BW, 5 days/week) or vehicle for 10 weeks. Quantitative bone histomorphometry...
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