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The adoption of millimeter wave phased arrays for a variety of applications, have led to an increased need for on-chip antenna measurements. The antenna elements are tested via micro-probe connections due to their tiny dimensions. For typical wireless applications (e.g. 5G/NR or IEEE 802.11.ad) these phased arrays, are expected to provide near omnidirectional coverage. Even with carefully designed...
Recent publications have reported on an innovative technique in which measured antennas are represented as numerical sources in the accurate computation of antennas in complex environments [1-5]. The measured antenna is accurately characterized as a Huygens box in a format compatible with different Computational Electro-Magnetic (CEM) solvers. The numerical representation of the measured antenna is...
This paper address the problem on how to accurately calibrate Massive MIMO system using time-division duplexing (TDD). In practical MIMO array implementations the transmission and reception path are different and hence a calibration mechanism, linking optimum receive array coefficients to optimum transmit coefficients is needed. We propose an Over-the-Air OTA calibration technique based on post-processing...
Recent use of measured data as near field sources in Computational Electro Magnetic (CEM) tools has opened the possibility to represent antennas in numerical simulations, even when the antenna characteristics and geometry are unknown and therefore cannot be included in a full wave model [1-4]. The near field source consists of an equivalent current representation of the antenna, which is prepared...
The inverse source technique is an accurate post processing and diagnostics method for antenna measurements [1-3]. Indeed, this technique has proven useful to suppress and filter disturbances in measurement scenarios such as presence of the feeding cable and mounting support [4-6]. Performing accurate measurements of on-chip antennas at millimeter wave frequencies is difficult in particular due to...
Antennas installed in modern cars are often highly integrated. In such cases, the entire vehicle is contributing to the radiated field, in particular at lower frequencies such as VHF. The complete characterization of the full vehicle is thus typically required. For frequencies down to 70 MHz, a widely accepted and cost effective solution is a multi-probe spherical Near Field (NF) system in which the...
The measured source or Huygens box antenna representation has become an increasing popular solution to create accurate computational models of measured source antennas for the numerical analysis of antenna placement on complex platforms such as satellites. The equivalent representation of the measured antenna is obtained through the equivalent current (EQC) or inverse source technique, which is a...
Probe correction in Spherical Near Field (SNF) measurements is typically performed during the NF/FF transformation assuming a probe with limited |μ|=1 spectrum [1]–[2]. This requirement leads to challenging probe designs, especially if the required bandwidth is wide. For this reason, in many practical cases, higher order spherical modes could be radiated. In this paper, the source of higher order...
Integration of antenna measurements in numerical simulations, based on the equivalent current technique, has been validated in previous activities [1–8]. A link, enabling the export of an accurate numerical model, derived from the measured antenna pattern, to a number of commercial Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) solvers has been created and validated [9–14]. The equivalent current processing...
Accurate numerical models of a given antenna can be derived from measurements using the inverse source technique [1–3]. Using this technique, measured antenna patterns can currently be imported and used as numerical sources in a number of commercial Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) solvers [4–9]. This method has been validated experimentally and the achievable accuracy investigated for both stand-alone...
Electromagnetic models of measured antenna can be accurately computed by the inverse source technique, implemented in the MVG software INSIGHT [1–5]. The measurement processing is based on the expansion of the measured field using equivalent currents [7–10]. A recently created link enable the INSIGHT to export the electromagnetic model to a number of commercial Computational Electromagnetic (CEM)...
The equivalent current (EQC) technique applied on antenna measurements has been demonstrated to be an efficient tool for diagnostics in many measurement situations [15]. Indeed the equivalent currents can be applied in tasks such as the filtering of disturbances such as undesired coupling with the supporting structure or the feeding and in NF-NF transformation. In particular the filtering capabilities...
Classical probe corrected Spherical Near Field (SNF) measurement assumes probes with limited |µ|=1 spectrum [1]–[3]. This requirements is needed to fully compensate the effect of the probe during the NF/FF transformation [3]. If the probe spectrum contains higher order modes, a residual error will affect the measured pattern (probe modal truncation). This requirement leads to challenging probe designs,...
Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) solvers are important engineering tools in the characterization and optimization of antenna placement on large and complex platforms. The accuracy of the source representation has a strong influence on the simulation accuracy of such antenna systems. It is customary to use domain decomposition technique based on the near field description of the local domain in...
In this paper data coming from a GNSS satellite measurement campaign will be used to perform an advanced analysis regarding the interaction between antennas, satellite structure and appendages.
Inverse source or equivalent current/source method (EQC) provides an accurate near-field representation of any radiating device in terms of equivalent electric and magnetic currents [1–4]. Starting from measured near or far field data in any measurement configuration, this technique allows to determine an accurate 3D electromagnetic model, maintaining the near field (NF) and far field (FF) properties...
Accurate electromagnetic models of measured antennas are available from the expansion of the measured field using equivalent currents [1–4]. The constructed model is importable in commercial Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) solvers in the form of a Huygens Box [5–9]. In flushmounted antenna applications, the measurement of the antenna sited in a locally relevant scenario and subsequent data processing...
Placement analysis in complex antenna scenarios require accurate computational electromagnetic (CEM) tools. A fundamental requirement to achieve truthful results, is that the source antenna must be accurately modelled. However, in many practical cases, a full-wave representation of the physical antenna is unfeasible or unavailable in the format required by the desired CEM solver. This paper describes...
This paper describes the application of the inversesource also named source-reconstruction technique [1–4] applied to the practical case of a space antenna intended for the European Navigation System GALILEO. The antenna (a pre-development flying on the GALILEO In Orbit Validation Element-B (GIOVE-B) satellite) consists in an array of 42 patch elements, divided into six sectors and fed by a two levels...
Electromagnetic analysis of antennas in complex scenarios require accurate numerical modelling solvers. A fundamental requirement to achieve truthful results is the accurate representation/modelling of the source antenna. However, in many practical cases a full-wave representation of the physical antenna is either unfeasible or unavailable in the format required by the desired computational electromagnetic...
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