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Consider two independent games of chance, G and H, which can be won with probability at most β and γ, respectively. Then it can be shown that the game consisting of winning both G and H can be won with probability at most βγ. If the bounds on the winning probability are only due to the computational hardness of the problems and the computational complexity constraints of the game solver algorithm,...
A random system is the mathematical object capturing the notion of a (probabilistic) interactive system that replies to every input Xi (i = 1, 2, …) with an output Yi. A distinguisher D for two systems S and T can adaptively generate inputs, receives the corresponding outputs, and after some number q of inputs guesses which system it is talking to, S or T. Two systems are indistinguishable if for...
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