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Smart grid is vulnerable to many cyber attacks due to legacy nature of the infrastructure coupled with increase in control and monitoring functions through cyber advancements. Remedial Action Scheme (RAS), widely used for wide area protection, provides autonomous operations through the RAS controller. Due to its dependence on the timely cooperation of multiple devices and communication network, it...
In last few years, almost all substations commissioned worldwide are having the IEC 61850-8-1 based Substation Automation System (SAS) which includes the SCADA, control and protection system. The protection and control schemes (mostly the control schemes) commissioned include the inter bay/ inter device communication in the form of GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Events) messages. In the...
This paper proposes a protection scheme against voltage sag, swell, over voltage and under voltage to address the difficulties faced due to voltage fluctuations. Voltage sag and swells in the supply are detected and the relay circuit operates accordingly. This relay circuit along with a simulated graph has been shown. The passage of current through the circuit to be protected is allowed to flow only...
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