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In this paper, we demonstrate analytically novel approach for Gamma Correction (GC) built at the pixel level. The analysis is based on the estimation of the dynamic range enhancement using the spatially varying time (SVE) leading its use as a Gamma-correction function. This work shows another approach of function integration where a technique (in this case SVE) used in a specific application is also...
We design a double-delta compensating (DDC) technique for a comparator-based pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) pixel. This technique has been demonstrated by simulation to achieve both fixed-pattern noise (FPN) reduction and dynamic range (DR) extension at the high-light region. According to the result, the pixel DR extends by at least 12 dB; FPN is reduced from unacceptable levels to 1–3% when it...
In this paper, we introduce a 5-transistor (5T) active pixel sensor (APS) structure and a specialized oscillator readout circuit. The pixel keeps a reasonable fill factor of 43% using n-well and p-sub photodiode with an area of 5 µm × 5 µm and generates a two-step signal response to the illumination. The pixel successfully extends output swing to 0.72 V. Measured pixel random noise is 2.5 mV, achieving...
A set of camera selection templates has been developed and applied to a twelve-camera inward-looking distributed smart camera network mounted on the vertices of an icosahedral frame. These templates, designed using the fundamentals of self-organization, consist of simple rules based on a local (camera) level metric - a measure of the quality of detection of the target-of-interest for a given camera...
A set of camera selection templates, using simple rules based on a local (camera) level metric, are implemented for a twelve camera inward-looking distributed smart camera network. The local metric represents the quality of detection for a given camera node of the target-of-interest and is based on a measurable target parameter. To understand the effectiveness of the camera selections, an analytical...
The characterization of a laboratory prototype collision avoidance sensor based on a distributed network of smart cameras is presented. Choices for the computer, optics and image sensor are characterized with a combination of laboratory and field experiments. Intra- and inter- camera calibrations are performed via a custom in-house laser-scanner facility. Field tests measured the impact of the scene...
Extraction and utilization of the horizon contour is presented within the context of an optical collision avoidance instrument, comprised of individual nodes configured in a fixed-topology distributed network. The algorithm iterates between learning and application stages. Pixel neighbourhoods were classified into ground and sky regions using a vector of feature descriptors. The clusters in feature...
A new sub-space max-monomial modeling scheme for CMOS transistors in sub-micron technologies is proposed to improve the modeling accuracy. Major electrical parameters of CMOS transistors in each sub-space from the design space are modeled with max-monomials. This approach is demonstrated to have a better accuracy for sub-micron technologies than single-space models. Sub-space modeling based geometric...
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