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Knee-FES-ergometer for knee swinging exercise is introduced as a hybrid exercise for restoration of function of the knee for stroke patients through the application of functional electrical stimulation (FES). The aim of the new knee-FES-ergometer is to provide high intensity knee swinging exercise. It is able to reduce required electrical stimulation and will able to elongate the exercise duration...
Recent works suggest that the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is a highly-efficient optimization technique for structure selection of NARMAX and its derivative models. This research extends those findings by proposing PSO for parameter estimation of a Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with Exogenous (NARX) model for a Direct Current (DC) motor. The proposed method was compared to the established...
EEG brainwave asymmetry gives information on which brain hemisphere is activated during certain cognitive brain function. In this study, Power Asymmetry Ratio (PAR) is computed from the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the EEG signal. PAR is used to observe the difference brainwave power between left and right hemisphere after being exposed to mobile phone Radiofrequency (RF) radiation. 95 subjects...
Sub-band spectral centroid (SC) has been widely applied in audio and speech processing field. This paper highlights the SC feature as a new approach to evaluate human intelligence quotient (IQ). The study focuses on resting EEG of the left brain hemisphere. The SC feature is derived from Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Sub-band SCs are obtained for delta, theta,...
Stress can be perceived as the reaction of the body towards observed mental, emotional and physical distress. It is highly curable if it is detected and managed early. There are various methods in relieving anxiety and stress such as meditation. However, to some people, this act is hard to perform. Therefore, they switch to another therapy which is easier and simpler but deliver similar side effects...
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) — induced limb movement is believed to provide therapeutic benefits for stroke patients. However, direct stimulation for a continuous repetitive movement can cause early muscle fatigue and ruin the patients desire to continue exercising. In this study, a model of a FES-assisted knee ergometer was developed to utilize the voluntary non-paretic leg movement to...
This paper presents the model development of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)-assisted wheel-chaired elliptical stepping exercise. This exercise specially designed for persons with hemiplegic or spinal cord injury (SCI). The design involves the development of humanoid, wheelchair and elliptical stepping machine models. A feedback control system is used to implement the control and coordinate...
This paper discusses on the brainwave sub-band characteristics for different intelligence groups based on electroencephalogram (EEG) power ratio technique. The EEG datasets have been collected from 50 healthy subjects for two sessions; at relaxed, closed eye (CE) state as reference and at cognitively-stimulated state. In the stimulated state, subjects need to answer the intelligence quotient (IQ)...
The lower extremities of a humanoid model having the parameters of stroke patient is designed to promote an understanding of its paralysis behaviour. The assemblies of the model are designed using SolidWork, a three dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) software and converted into SimMechanics models for further simulations. The humanoid-lower extremities model is designed based on anthropometric...
This paper is to investigate the best PID control structure for controlling the glycerin bleaching process that would improve the bleached glycerin quality. An ideal and alternative PID control structures is analyzed. The controller parameters are adjusted based on Wang's tuning method and compared to Ziegler-Nichols method. The system performance is evaluated in terms of settling time and percent...
This paper presents a simulated Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC) and its application to regulate steam temperature in distillation process for essential oil extraction system. Steam temperature is one of the most significant parameters that can influence the composition of essential oil yield in terms of quality and quantity. Due to parameter variations and changes in operation conditions...
In this paper, recurrent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (RANFIS) structure has been proposed to solve approximation problem in identifying a global model of steam temperature of packed distillation column in steam distillation essential oil extraction process. The input-output data is acquired from field experimentation via MATLAB Real-time Workshop (RTW) integrated to the plant. The derived...
EEG data were collected between two conditions, relax wakefulness (close-eyes) and non-relax (IQ test). Data segmentation and linear regression model is used to extract the EEG features and to obtain the slope and the mean relative power from 43 participants. All of the data were then normalized and classified using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering. Results shown that there are different of activities...
This paper presents a review on models for heating process in food, manufacturing and agricultural industries. The review come out with the table to summary on different modeling technique and their developed models for heating process in various applications. There are many techniques to develop the heating process and some of them are numeric, first principle, system identification and a combination...
This study highlighted the use of Cluster analysis approach to classify the participants' Learning Style (LS) based on the EEG brain asymmetry (BA) dataset. BA is importance to indicate brain activity in both right hemisphere (RH) and left hemisphere (LH). The RH and LH dominant states are closely related to human learning traits such as Attention, Perception and Emotions. In this research, we determine...
This paper presents a study of EEG pattern for different levels of nicotine dependence for smokers based on Theta, Alpha and Beta Band power using Power Spectral Density (PSD). 33 male smokers participated for this research. Participants were asked to fill in the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Questionnaire and EEG data was recorded for 5 minutes. Results show some difference in the Theta,...
This paper proposed the heart disease diagnosis system using nonlinear ARX (NARX) model. The system uses neural network for model estimation and classification of Normal and several heart diseases based on heart sounds. In classification, a spectrogram was applied to the modeled heart sounds for features extraction and selection. The features were fed to the FFNN and trained using Resilient Backpropagation...
The aim of this research is to investigate any effects of mobile phone usage on human brainwaves using electroencephalograph (EEG) particularly on alpha wave. EEG signals were recorded from thirty samples that make calls from a mobile phone to another party without conversation. The mobile phone is strapped to the right ear. The EEG recording took place before, during and after the mobile phone calls...
This paper proposed the heart disease modeling system based on heart sounds. The model uses ARX model as regression vector and Neural Network as nonlinear model structures. The number of hidden neurons was optimised by minimizing the criterion of NSSE, fit and FPE criterion. The model architecture of 2-4-1 perfectly fits the original heart sound signals with average R-square of above 99.9%. The weight...
This paper presents a new method to model a steam temperature in distillation system by using system identification. Three nonlinear models have been compared, i.e. a Hammerstein model, a Wiener model and a Hammerstein-Wiener model. In this work, we propose the utilizing of the piecewise-linear and sigmoid network Hammerstein-Wiener model for single-input single output processes. All the models have...
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