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This study focuses on the effects of interactions among bio-oil components on the formation of aromatic structures of bio-oil during its thermal treatment processes at various temperatures and heating rates. A bio-oil sample and its extracted fractions were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor at 300–800 °C at different temperatures and heating rates. The results show that the pyrolytic products (including...
The structural evolution of coal during pyrolysis process has been studied for a long time but remains unclear, mainly due to the extraordinary complexity of coal structure. The present study aimed to further identify the chemical structural evolution of different parts in the semi-chars obtained by low-temperature pyrolysis of a Chinese low-rank coal (Shenfu coal). Semi-chars and their solvent extracted...
Four types of biomass-derived organics (toluene/1-methylnaphthalene/phenol/ethanol) were catalytically decomposed and steam reformed over Ni/α-Al2O3 for co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In the decomposition reaction, the oxygen functional group in phenol and ethanol promoted the co-production of hydrogen and CNTs, while a small amount of toluene and 1-methylnaphthalene were cracked...
The existence form and structure properties of mobile phase (MP) in low-rank coals (LRCs) can significantly influence the initial stage of thermal conversion. In the present work, three Chinese LRCs, namely, Shenfu, Zhundong and Hongshaquan, were extracted with tetrahydrofuran using the microwave-assisted heating. The tetrahydrofuran-microwave-extracted (TME) portion as the representative of MP was...
This study aims to investigate the importance of steam to tar destruction during the volatile–char interactions. Steam was supplied in the absence and presence of nascent char during the pyrolysis/gasification of biomass at 850°C. In the absence of char, steam has more significant effects on the reforming of large aromatic ring systems (e.g. >2 fused benzene rings) than small and isolated aromatics...
This paper reports an experimental study to assess the effects of CO 2 and heating rate on the characteristics of the chars formed in CO 2 and N 2 atmospheres in the initial stage of oxy-fuel combustion. The chars of a Chinese bituminous coal were prepared in a fluidised-bed/fixed-bed reactor at 900°C and their chemical structural features were further characterised with FT-Raman...
Fe–Mn–Ce/γ-Al2O3 granular catalyst was synthesized using the sol-gel method and then developed in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. It achieved outstanding SCR activity at low temperature and also showed excellent space velocity tolerance and favorable SO2 and H2O resistance. The addition of Fe obviously increased the surface area and pore volume of the catalyst,...
This study aims to investigate the roles of char in the in situ destruction of tar during the volatile–char interactions. Rice straw and water/acid-washed rice straw samples were pyrolysed at 850°C with controlled extents of volatile–char interactions in a fluidised-bed/fixed-bed reactor. Our results indicate that the amount of tar decreases significantly with increasing extent of volatile–char interactions...
When predicting the variation of pore structure during O 2 /CO 2 combustion of coal chars using the random pore model (RPM), it is impossible to calculate exactly the structure parameter ψ from the pore characteristics. The values of structure parameter ψ, which were calculated based on its fractal feature at various carbon conversions, should be almost constant. However, this investigation...
The slow pyrolysis of six Chinese biomasses was studied by thermogravimetric experiments. Non-linear square fitting method is used to calculate DTG data. The analysis results show that it is not possible to exactly represent the biomass pyrolysis by a one-step model with different mechanisms. Thus, three-pseudocomponent models were used to simulate the biomass pyrolysis. It was found that the three-pseudocomponent...
In China, the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration solid residues is expected to increase significantly in the future. Because of ever-increasing generation rates and the concentrations of potentially hazardous heavy metals, which may endanger the ambient environment, these solid residues are of particular concern. Thus, such issues have necessitated the study of the characterization...
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