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This study involved comprehensively investigating pollutant emissions and control methods of NO, SO2, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins (PCDD/Fs) in the combustion of biomass pellets prepared with hazardous waste of coal tar residue (CTR) as a binder. The NO emissions from moso bamboo pellets and SO2 emissions from wheat straw pellets corresponded to the highest emissions among the...
High moisture content greatly restricts the large-scale utilization of low-rank coals (LRCs). Hydrothermal dewatering (HTD) is a promising technique for dewatering and upgrading LRCs. Chinese lignite from XiMeng Mine in Inner Mongolia was upgraded by HTD. The effects of pore structure and oxygen functional group content on moisture distribution were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis, mercury...
The catalytic effects of eight industrial wastes rich in Na, Fe, Ca and Al on Jincheng anthracite coal combustion were compared. The thermogravimetric experiments showed that Na-rich brine sludge (BS) and salt sludge (SS) exhibited better catalytic effects on coal combustion than Fe-rich iron mud (IM) and steel residue (SR). However, IM and SR exhibited better catalytic effects than Ca-rich white...
The catalytic effects of brine sludge (rich in NaCl), iron mud (rich in Fe2CO3), steel slag (rich in Fe2SiO4 and α-Fe) and calcium carbide residue (rich in Ca(OH)2) on coal combustion were compared with those of pure NaCl and ZnCl2. Thermobalance experiments showed that the catalytic effects of NaCl and brine sludge on coal combustion were better than those of the others. NaCl and brine sludge reduced...
Back-propagation (BP) neural network models were developed to accurately predict the ignition temperature and activation energy of 16 typical Chinese coals and 48 of their blends. Pearson correlation analysis showed that ignition temperature and activation energy were most relevant to the moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value and oxygen of coals. Accordingly, three-layer BP neural...
Back-propagation (BP) neural network models were developed to accurately predict the maximum burning rate and fixed carbon burnout efficiency of 16 typical Chinese coals and 48 of their blends. Early stopping method was used to prevent the BP neural network from over-fitting. The generalisation performance and prediction accuracy of the neural network thus became significantly improved. Pearson correlation...
To upgrade Indonesian lignite by significantly reducing moisture and volatile matter content for the preparation of quality coal water slurry (CWS) gasification fuel, carbonaceous materials with high dielectric permittivity were employed to accelerate heating rate via microwave irradiation. The physicochemical properties of lignite upgraded through microwave irradiation with the addition of activated...
To upgrade Indonesian lignite with high moisture content for generating quality gasification fuel, NaCl was used to improve the permittivity of this lignite, thus enhancing microwave dewatering rate. The dielectric loss factor of lignite with 2.34wt% NaCl increased from 0.190 to 0.311 at 2.45GHz; as a result, the conversion of electromagnetic energy to thermal energy increased by 64%. Furthermore,...
Ximeng lignite (XL) was treated by using different drying methods, namely, conventional, microwave, and combination, to investigate their effects on the grinding characteristics of XL. The controlled mechanisms that improved the grindability of XL treated by different drying methods were analyzed with proximate analysis and scanning electron microscope. Results showed that the removal moisture and...
Shengli lignite with high moisture content from the Inner Mongolia region of China was upgraded by microwave irradiation to prepare high-quality coal water slurry (CWS) fuel for combustion and gasification. The physicochemical properties of the upgraded lignite on the as-received basis were investigated with Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, N2 adsorption porosimetry,...
This study is aimed to examine the utilization of wastewater produced from the microwave irradiation upgrading process of Indonesian lignite. Physicochemical properties including total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), organic functional groups, inorganic anions, inorganic cations, surface tension, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the removed water were analysed. Results showed...
Indonesian lignite was continuously modified in a tunnel-type microwave oven to improve its slurribility. The maximum solid concentration of coal–water slurry (CWS) prepared from modified lignite increased from 41.6wt.% to 54.0wt.% with an enhanced rheological behaviour. The contact angle, oxygen functional groups, molar ratio of methylene to methyl, paramagnetic centres of modified lignite were analysed...
The pore structure and fractal analysis of Ximeng lignite (XL) under microwave irradiation were investigated. Effects of drying temperature, microwave irradiation time, and microwave power level were studied. The pore structures of XL were obtained by N2 adsorption/desorption at 77K. Two fractal dimensions, D1 and D2, at relative pressures of 0–0.5 and 0.5–1, respectively, were calculated with the...
The ultrafine coal water slurry (CWS) with the particle size of 1–10μm, ash content of 1–2%, solid concentration of 50% is a promising substitute fuel for diesel oil. The effects of pore fractal structures of three ultrafine CWSs on their rheological behaviors and combustion dynamics were studied in this paper. When the pore fractal dimensions of Yanzhou, Huainan and Shenhua ultrafine CWSs increase,...
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