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Marine ecosystems are complex nonlinear systems, and there biological variables have low-dimensional nonlinear chaos characteristics. Under certain conditions, marine planktonic ecosystem can have different nonlinear dynamic properties, such as point attractor, periodic attractor as well as chaotic attractor. In this paper, a phytoplankton-fish (herbivorous) model was constructed. With the fishing...
With the aid of Ecopath with Ecosim mass-balance model and perturbation by fishing, the existence of alternative attractors in marine ecosystems was explored. The ecosystem was investigated in the form of bottom-up, mixed and top-down control, respectively. Furthermore, fishery species were changed from wasp-waist to top predators. Thus, the effect of the trophic level to the existence of the alternative...
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