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World Heritage Site – Nanjing Tulou buildings, which were built of rammed earth and in a wooden framework, are large-scale civilian residential buildings distributed across the southeastern China. The information of energy consumption as well as its characteristics in Tulou buildings is however unavailable in the literature. In this study, a survey of energy consumption and indoor environmental quality...
Aim at the unilateral penalty for treating intermediate density elements in traditional topology optimization, a bi-directional interpolation model (BDIM) is developed to treat intermediate density elements during the topology optimization process. By introducing a threshold, the BDIM model can rationally treat intermediate density elements through penalizing and promoting them toward void and solid...
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