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Recent standards for wireless networks introduced spatial and frequency diversity to improve the quality and the bandwidth of the wireless communications. The arising channel state information has been exploited for the wireless localization of device-free targets. In this work, a principal component analysis has been applied to the channel state information in order to extract a target-dependent...
An experimental bistatic X-band continuous-wave life-detection radar is proposed. The system operates with two directive high gain antennas and a programmable transmitter and receiver. A method based on the independent component analysis, and accurate breath and heartbeat movements models are applied to suppress the interference and to better identify the respiratory and heart movements. The obtained...
The increasing availability and diffusion of digital wireless communication systems and localization technologies is offering new opportunities for the introduction of location-based decision support systems for the fleet and mission control management in smart cities. In this paper, the use of multi-objective evolutionary metaheuristic for dispatching fleet assets is addressed. The applications are...
This paper presents the validation of a wireless system for the smart management of the public lighting network aimed at reducing the power consumptions of the lamps. The distributed and adaptive control of the dimming profiles has been investigated taking in consideration the time-varying environmental conditions. The presented system is able to control each single lamp thanks to the integration...
A wireless distributed system for the detection of the wildlife road-crossing events is addressed to prevent the problem of collisions with the approaching vehicles. The system is based on a wireless sensor network architecture deployed along the road sides in order to alert in real-time the drivers about the dangerous presence of deers within a security area determined by Doppler radar modules integrated...
The environmental impact, the toxicity, and the high cost of agrochemicals adopted in intensive agriculture are stimulating the study of innovative solutions for the management of the phytosanitary treatments. The proposed wireless monitoring system aims at reducing the level of the pesticides while ensuring a high quality production. A wireless sensor network is designed for the local measurement...
Nowadays, building performance are mainly focused on energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality because (i) buildings are responsible of about 40% of the energy consumption at European level, and (ii) people spend more and more time in indoor places, whose comfort has strong influence on health, behavior, and working efficiency. This paper proposes an innovative strategy for the estimation...
In this paper, a method for improving wireless localization of active targets in indoor environments is proposed. The positioning problem is recast to an inverse problem and solved by means of multi-objective evolutionary optimization. The first objective considers received signal strength wireless positioning based on a theoretical propagation model. The second objective relies on probabilistic information...
The pervasiveness property of wireless sensor network technology makes it suitable to collect heterogeneous sensor data in the application field of precision agriculture. On the basis of the collected data, smart and adaptive irrigation strategies have been proposed to estimate the optimal water quantity needed by cultures. This paper is aimed at presenting a wireless system architecture for smart...
This contribution presents an overview of some innovative methodologies developed at ELEDIA Research Center of the University of Trento in the context of microwave imaging, inverse scattering, and synthesis problems. The focus of this work is on the use of different methodologies and tools for the reconstruction of unknown objects embedded in an inaccessible region when illuminated by a set of electromagnetic...
In this paper, the use of evolutionary metaheuristic for the management of emergency rescue operations applied to real-word scenarios is analyzed. The problem of selecting the best candidate assets for a given emergency event is addressed. While the problem of deploying one single resource is trivial, its complexity grows when considering more assets to be deployed at the same time. Two objective...
The retrieval of buried objects is addressed through an innovative frequency-hopping imaging technique. The a-priori knowledge on the sparseness of the retrieved profiles (in a suitable representation basis) is exploited to process the spectral content of wideband signals collected in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) scenario. Towards this end, a frequency hopping procedure based on a customized version...
The localization of passive targets has been widely investigated in the field of security applications. In such a context, the target is non-cooperative, i.e. transceiver-free and not actively associated to any monitoring system. These constraints make the detection and localization process challenging from the sensing technology viewpoint. Standard solutions adopt dedicated and complex sensors (e...
The design of a wide-angle impedance matching (WAIM) layer based on a metasurface structure is proposed to mitigate reflection issues for waveguide-fed planar phased arrays. To achieve this goal, the synthesis problem is formulated as a System-by-Design one where the degrees of freedom are represented by the geometry of the metasurface unit cells, and the objective is the minimization of antenna input...
The synthesis of a graded-index isotropic radome for the miniaturization of linear arrays is addressed. The combination of a System-by-Design paradigm with a Quasi-Conformal Transformation Optics - Source Inversion technique is proposed to enable the reduction of the array aperture while also avoiding anisotropic materials within the synthesized lens. To achieve this goal, the QCTO part of the problem...
The problem of the estimation of the number and angles of arrival of electromagnetic signals impinging on a linear array of sensors is addressed by means of a multi-resolution approach based on the Bayesian Compressive Sensing (BCS). The BCS is used to retrieve at each step of the multi-zooming strategy the most probable directions of arrival (DoAs) as well as to provide the confidence level of the...
An innovative strategy for predicting the tolerance on the radiation pattern due to the mutual coupling effects between the radiating elements of linear antenna arrays is presented. Assuming known the maximum deviations of the element amplitudes with respect to the nominal ones, the errors on the excitation coefficients are modeled as circular intervals and an approach based on the Interval Analysis...
The application of the Compressive Sensing (CS) paradigm to the solution of three-dimensional inverse scattering problems is discussed. More in detail, the use of CS-based techniques to address linear and sparseness-regularized microwave imaging formulations is discussed, the application of this paradigm to the retrieval of 3D profiles which are voxel-sparse is addressed. A preliminary set of numerical...
In this paper a distributed strategy for the exploration of dangerous environment through a robot swarm is proposed. The robots support the exploration of an intervention team, who is wirelessly interconnected with the swarm. The wireless interconnections among the elements of the system are optimized during the exploration taking into account the behavior (i.e., the position and the movement) of...
The problem of designing a multi-layer mantle cloak suitable for large dielectric cylinders is addressed through an innovative System-by-Design-Scattering Cancellation (SbD-SC) procedure. More in detail, the minimization of the overall Scattering Cross Section (SCS) is obtained by adjusting the multi-layer cover parameters (i.e., surface impedances and radii) so that both the fundamental and the higher...
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