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In this paper, we conduct a cross-country analysis of energy consumption and energy efficiency for the dairy industry in four European countries. Changes in energy efficiency were monitored in two different ways. One way is to look at the energy use by tonne of milk processed by dairies (EEIp1). Another way is by comparing the actual energy use with the energy that would have been used if no changes...
In this paper, we have used energy and physical production data to develop energy efficiency indicators for the meat industry of four European countries for the last 15 years. Our results show a significant increase in the energy use per tonne of product in all countries (between 14% and 48%). In order to understand the drivers behind the trends, factors such as the share of frozen products, the share...
This paper focuses on an area that has been neglected in energy analysis: the non-energy intensive industries. Using data at the 3-digit level for the Dutch manufacturing industry, we analyzed the performance of the sector with respect to its energy intensity, value added, value of production and energy costs. We found that energy consumption has increased by 30% between 1988 and 1999 while there...
This paper both presents and discusses the results of calculations on the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) and the related Cumulative CO 2 emissions (CCO 2 ) for products of the organic chemical industry. The entire process chain is studied, starting with the extraction of resources and ending with the saleable material (cradle-to-factory gate). The materials studied are chemical intermediates...
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