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Core Messages Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is nearly 100% associated with EBV and occurs 3–6 months posttransplant. T cell depletion (TCD) of the hematopoietic stem cell graft (ex vivo or in vivo) is the strongest risk factor for developing PTLD. Anything that stimulates B cell proliferation and/or...
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) represent a heterogeneous group of life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders that can be observed in a transplant recipient. PTLD can occur in patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) because of immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection (Penn et al. 1969), and continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality seen in about...
The deepening penetration of renewable resources, such as wind and photovoltaic solar, has introduced additional uncertainty into power system operation and control. This added uncertainty, together with the conventional sources of uncertainty, the loads and the availability of resources and transmission assets, makes clear the limitations of the conventional deterministic power flow in power system...
This paper describes a methodology for incorporating human observations into a hard+soft information fusion process for counterinsurgency intelligence analysis. The goal of incorporating human observations into the information fusion process is important as it extends the ability of the fusion algorithms to associate and merge disparate pieces of information by allowing for information collected from...
Plug-in architectures enable developers to build extensible software products. Such products are assembled from plug-ins, and their functionality can be enriched by adding or configuring plug-ins. The plug-ins themselves consist also of multiple plug-ins, and offer dedicated points through which their functionality can be influenced. A well-known example of such an architecture is Eclipse, best known...
The rising energy independence and environmental concerns are key drivers in the growing popularity of plug-in hybrid cars (PHEVs). Studies indicate that for 90% of the Americans who use their cars to get to work every day, the daily commute distance is less than 50 km - or 30 miles - and, on the average, the commuter car remains parked is about 22 hours per day. All the PHEVs have in common the batteries,...
The main objective of power system planning is maintaining an adequate level of reliability. The reliability concept has two characteristics: resource adequacy and operational reliability. Traditionally these two characteristics are addressed separately through a sequence of probabilistic and deterministic analyses without a systematic view. This paper presents a resource planning problem that explicitly...
The growing environmental concerns and increasing electricity prices have led to wider implementation of demand-side activities and created a new class of consumers, called demand response resources (DRRs). The DRRs actively participate in the electricity markets as buyers of electricity and sellers of load curtailment services. The demand profile modifications resulting from the DRR curtailments...
Today's capacity markets may be viewed as an additional source of income for generators to compensate the money lost due to regulatory imposed caps. Those additional money flows and other design characteristics serve, theoretically, to achieve system adequacy in a market environment. In this paper, we analyze key aspects of today's capacity market designs. Our main finding is that some design elements...
The quest for energy independence and the push towards sustainability coupled with the legislative initiatives and the recent advances in wind generation technology have made wind one of the fastest growing sources for electricity production. The effective integration of wind generation resources into the power grids requires the evaluation of the impacts of wind resources on the system performance...
The maintenance of secure system operations is a highly challenging task that becomes even more complex as electricity markets gain prominence. We use insights into the tight coupling between market and system operations under restructuring to characterize analytically the interrelationships between the secure power system operations and the performance of the electricity markets. Such a characterization...
In conventional warfare as well as counter-insurgency (COIN) operations, the understanding of the situation is extremely vital to assure a sense of security. Intelligence in COIN is about people, and deployed units in the field are the best sources of intelligence. Past and present intelligence data is analyzed to look for changes in the insurgents' approach or tactics. To do this, graphical methods...
Modern Information and Communications Technology (ICT) solutions are often widely distributed and highly dynamic service oriented architectures (SOA) with stringent availability requirements. Availability implies that SOA must be reconfigured, updated and maintained during runtime, while retaining their overall operational integrity. This requires that much of the adaptation, integration, configuration...
Runtime testing is emerging as the solution for the integration and assessment of highly dynamic, high availability software systems where traditional development-time integration testing is too costly, or cannot be performed. However, in many situations, an extra effort will have to be invested in implementing appropriate measures to enable runtime tests to be performed without affecting the running...
The focus of the paper is on the long-term effects of the construction of a physical interconnection between SEE and Italy using a 1000-MW DC link from Italy to Albania. The impacts of this interconnection path are significant for the markets in Italy and SEE. The modeling issues are discussed and the simulation tool used to emulate the possible developments is presented. The use of scenario analysis...
This paper presents an incentive scheme to encourage private investment in the improvement and expansion of the transmission in the competitive electricity market environment. Without incentives, the necessary enhancements to the existing grid would not go forward. To create these incentives, we propose a decentralized transmission asset investment model, where the new assets are built by private...
The presentation will provide a summary of the status of transmission investment in the US. The key issues in the area of expanding and improving the grid will be discussed and the many challenges that arise in the area of transmission investment will be delineated. The management of uncertainty, an inherent characteristic of any planning activity, is far more complex and complicated in the new competitive...
We provide in this paper the first steps towards the quantification of the impacts of cyber attacks on the power grid. We present a review of key-issues on cyber security of power systems, and show the main challenges as well as complicating factors. In order to do the quantification, we propose the application of a conceptual four-layer framework that represents the physical, communication/control,...
The use of demand-side resources, in general, and demand response resources (DRRs), in particular, has increased over the last few years with rising fuel prices and growing environmental concerns. Integration of demand response resources in the competitive electricity markets impacts resource investment decisions on the supply- as well as the demand-side. There is a need to understand and assess the...
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