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The α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus is a model organism for the study of bacterial photosynthesis and the bacteriophage-like gene transfer agent. Characterization of phages that infect Rhodobacter is extremely rare, and scarce for the α-proteobacteria in general. Here, we describe the discovery of the only functional Mu-like transposing phage to have been identified in the α-proteobacteria,...
The podovirus P22, which infects O-antigen strains of Salmonella, incorporates a dsDNA translocating channel (portal dodecamer) at a unique vertex of the icosahedral capsid. The portal subunit (gp1, 82.7 kDa) exhibits multiple S–H⋯X hydrogen bonding states for cysteines 153, 173, 283 and 516 and these interactions are strongly perturbed by portal ring formation. Here, we analyze in vivo activities...
Gene expression profiling was performed on liver biopsies from 28 patients (12 HCV and 16 HCV/HIV infected) in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of HCV liver disease in the presence and absence of HIV coinfection. The data were compared with clinical observations and a gene expression database obtained for transplant HCV-infected samples. This is the first report of functional genomics being...
It has previously been shown in macaques that individual animals exhibit varying responses to challenge with the same strain of SIV. We attempted to elucidate these differences using functional genomics and correlate them to biological response. Unfractionated PBMC from three rhesus macaques were isolated, activated, and infected with SIVmac239. Interestingly, one of the three animals used for these...
A genetic vaccine for West Nile virus (WN) has been synthesized with the WN premembrane-envelope (WN preM-E) gene sequences encoded as a chimera with the transmembrane and carboxyl terminal domains of the lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP). The LAMP sequences are used to direct the antigen protein to the major histocompatibility class II (MHC II) vesicular compartment of transfected professional...
The immune responses to an HIV-1 p55Gag vaccine encoded as a DNA chimera with the lysosomal associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP) have been examined for the effect of the addition of the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) to the DNA plasmid construct, and of packaging the LAMP/gag gene as a recombinant AAV vector (rAAV). DNA plasmids encoding Gag and the LAMP/Gag...
Quantitative enzyme accessibility experiments using nano liquid chromatography electrospray mass spectrometry combined with limited proteolysis and isotope-labeling was used to examine the dynamic nature of the human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid in the presence of three antiviral compounds, a neutralizing Fab, and drug binding cavity mutations. Using these methods, it was found that the antivirals WIN...
We examined the role of theAutographa californicanucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV)-encoded chitinase in virus pathogenesis inTrichoplusia nilarvae. In conjunction with the AcMNPV-encoded cathepsin, it promotes liquefaction of the host in the latter stages of infection. Insects infected with virus mutants lacking either the chitinase A gene (chiA) or cathepsin gene (cath) remained intact several days after...
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