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A systematic method is proposed to approach complete fault coverage for catastrophic faults in analog circuits. In the proposed method, a fault propagation graph is first created from the circuit netlist. Standard graph theory techniques are then employed to identify a minimal set of observation points (MOP) such that, by monitoring these points, complete fault coverage can be achieved, i.e., all...
Identifying and removing the undesired stable operating point (also called “Trojan state” in analog circuit) is one of the most important problems in circuit design. In this paper, an innovative divide and contraction verification method against Trojan states is proposed. Unlike the traditional methods to find all operating points, it only targets searching the voltage interval containing undesired...
The circuit structures with positive feedback loops are likely to have multiple operating points, and the unwanted Trojan state is easy to be triggered by process, voltage, and temperature variation or user's action. In this paper, circuit-level Homotopy methods are used to find all operating points and detect Trojan states. Furthermore, the temperature characteristic of the positive feedback loop...
Several methods that can be used to verify effectiveness of startup circuits in eliminating known stable Trojan operating states will be discussed. It will be shown that some widely used approaches do not guarantee Trojan states have been removed. Some of the methods introduced appear to be more practical to work with than others. These methods can also be used to identify the presence of unknown...
A new approach for identifying the number of stable equilibrium points in supply-insensitive bias generators, references, and temperature sensors based upon self-stabilized feedback loops is introduced. This provides a simple and practical method for determining if these circuits require a “start-up” circuit and, if needed, for verifying that the startup circuit is effective at eliminating undesired...
For low power low voltage, low area applications, voltage references based on MOS transistors operating in subthreshold offer some attractive advantages over conventional bandgap-based structures. The lack of closed-form explicit expressions for the relationship between output and temperature for most subthreshold-based references makes it difficult to optimize performance and make quantitative comparisons...
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