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Wzrost czasu ekspozycji na sztuczne oświetlenie wpływa na przebieg procesów fizjologicznych u zwierząt i ludzi. Zmiana rytmów fizjologicznych jest głównie następstwem nieprawidłowego funkcjonowania głównego zegara, zlokalizowanego u człowieka w jądrze nadskrzyżowaniowym przedniego podwzgórza, a w konsekwencji - zmniejszenia ilości wytwarzanej w szyszynce melatoniny, wydzielanej do krwiobiegu wyłącznie...
INTRODUCTION: The mammillary body is a part of so-called extended hippocampal system and its importance for memory is well known. Our previous study has revealed that pharmacological inactivation of the medial mammillary nucleus (MM) attenuates theta rhythm activity in the hippocampus (HP) in urethane-anesthetized rats. In this study, we examined the involvement of GABAergic transmission in the MM...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) has efferent projections to regions involved in autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses to emotional stimuli. Due to its role in the regulation of the activity of corticosterone releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the CeA is considered a key modulator of behavioral responses to...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The activity of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain is strictly connected with the raphe nuclei. They are connected mainly with and influence the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures. Clinical studies indicate that 30% of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have elevated platelet 5-HT level. The aim of the study was to investigate whether chronic (16-days) electrical stimulation...
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) is thought to be an important component in the mesocorticolimbic system involved in the regulation of theta rhythm in the hippocampus. In this study we investigated the effect of pharmacological inactivation of the VTA on theta rhythm parameters in fear conditioned rats. Animals were implanted with bilateral recording electrodes into the dorsal hippocampus and bilateral...
Synchronous neuronal activity in the hippocampus (theta rhythm) can be elicited in urethanized rats with sensory stimulation as well as with electrical or pharmacological stimulation of different nuclei of the brainstem. It is known that two of these nuclei, the nucleus pontis oralis (RPO) and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), play an important role in theta regulation, however, it is still unclear...
The nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (RPO) is a reticular structure important for the regulation of paradoxical sleep (PS). However, the data concerning the relation between the RPO and the main tonic indicator of PS, hippocampal theta rhythm, are contradictory: although electrical or cholinergic stimulation of the RPO evoked well-synchronized theta activity, the electrolytic lesion of the structure...
Our previous study indicated that microinjection of procaine or electrolytic lesion of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) suppressed hippocampal theta rhythm in urethane-anaesthetized rats. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that electrical stimulation of the VTA induces hippocampal theta rhythm and to fi nd brain structures particularly active during this phenomenon and probably involved...
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