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Therapeutic vaccination is a novel treatment approach for chronic hepatitis B, but only had limited success so far. We hypothesized that optimized vaccination schemes have increased immunogenicity, and aimed at increasing therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine efficacy.Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens was used to boost protein-prime vaccinations in wildtype...
Poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) has shown great potential as a vaccine adjuvant, but the mechanisms that mediate its adjuvant activity have not been investigated. Previously, we had reported the potential of PCEP to induce cytokines and chemokines at the site of injection. Hence, we hypothesized that PCEP creates strong immuno-competent environment leading to recruitment...
The practice of immunization of animals and humans has been carried out for centuries and is generally accepted as the most cost effective and sustainable method of infectious disease control. Over the past 20 years there have been significant changes in our ability to produce antigens by conventional extraction and purification, recombinant DNA and synthesis. However, many of these products need...
A vast number of studies explore the potential of intradermal immunization, its role in the developing of new and improved vaccines and providing access to them globally. The advancement of microneedle technology offers new avenues for the practical realization of this approach, but, on certain instances, introduces new limitations and challenges in the formulation development, which involve the concern...
Polyphosphazene polyelectrolyte, a potent new mucosal adjuvant candidate, was tested for its ability to elicit protective immunity against several respiratory diseases. Groups of mice were intranasally (i.n.) vaccinated with poly[di(sodium carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP) together with several vaccine antigens such as pertussis toxoid, pneumococcal surface protein A, and formalin-inactivated...
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has potent immune stimulatory activity, but purifying recombinant protein is expensive, soluble cytokine delivery is inefficient, and high doses of IFN-γ cause adverse systemic effects. We’ve shown, however, that chemically fixed, amended recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens cells (ARCs), expressing soluble bovine IFN-γ (BGI/ARCs), provide an effective production and delivery...
An emerging paradigm in vaccinology is that multiple adjuvant combinations may be more effective than individual adjuvants in enhancing immune responses to vaccine antigens. We investigated whether the polyphosphazenes used in combination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) were potent adjuvant formulations. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) alone,...
We investigated the ability of a novel polyphosphazene polyelectrolyte, poly[di(sodium carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) to enhance antigen-specific immune responses. BALB/c mice were immunized once subcutaneously with either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or influenza virus X:31 antigen alone, or in combination with PCEP, or either of the adjuvants poly[di(sodium carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene]...
We studied the immunogenicity of an anti-SARS subunit vaccine comprised of the fragment of the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein amino acids 318–510 (S318–510) containing the receptor-binding domain. The S protein fragment was purified from the culture supernatant of stably transformed HEK293T cells secreting a tagged version of the protein. The vaccine was given subcutaneously to 129S6/SvEv...
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