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Mononucleosomes, the basic building blocks of chromatin, contain two copies of each core histone. The associated posttranslational modifications regulate essential chromatin-dependent processes, yet whether each histone copy is identically modified in vivo is unclear. We demonstrate that nucleosomes in embryonic stem cells, fibroblasts, and cancer cells exist in both symmetrically and asymmetrically...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation were found to be catalyzed by structurally distinct, multisubunit complexes that mediate, respectively, activation and repression of transcription. ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling, mediated by different multisubunit complexes, was thought to be involved only in transcription activation. Here we report the isolation of a protein complex that contains both histone...
The requirements for transcriptional activation by RNA polymerase II were examined using chromatin templates assembled in vitro and a transcription system composed of the human general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Activator-induced, energy-dependent chromatin remodeling promoted efficient preinitiation complex formation and transcription initiation, but was not sufficient for productive...
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