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The structure of thymidylate synthase complementing protein with substrates dUMP and FAD, presented in this issue of Structure, sheds light on a fascinating new catalytic mechanism, suggests a strategy for the design of new antimicrobial compounds, and highlights the promise of proteomics in medicine.
Background: Nitrophorins are nitric oxide (NO) transport proteins from the saliva of blood-feeding insects, which act as vasodilators and anti-platelet agents. Rhodnius prolixus, an insect that carries the trypanosome that causes Chagas' disease, releases four NO-loaded nitrophorins during blood feeding, whereupon the ligand is released into the bloodstream or surrounding tissue of the host. Histamine,...
Background: Human thioredoxin reduces the disulfide bonds of numerous proteins in vitro, and can activate transcription factors such as NFκB in vivo. Thioredoxin can also act as a growth factor, and is overexpressed and secreted in certain tumor cells.Results Crystal structures were determined for reduced and oxidized wild type human thioredoxin (at 1.7 and 2.1 a nominal resolution, respectively),...
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