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This paper describes the use of a clustering approach based on hidden Markov random field to extract potential homogeneous segments from a large length right-of-way of a pipeline structure with heterogeneous soil properties. This approach extends the conventional finite mixture model so that the spatial correlation of external corrosion sites can be taken into consideration. An algorithm is established...
In the petroleum industry, oil and gas pipeline operators routinely employ non-destructive in-line inspection (ILI) tools to perform integrity assessment, in which corrosion defects are detected, located and sized. However, the inspection technology is not perfect, and its accuracy is influenced by intrinsic measurement error of the ILI device as well as measurement noise. The quality of the inspection...
One important category of transportation infrastructure is underground pipelines. Corrosion of these buried pipeline systems may cause pipeline failures with the attendant hazards of property loss and fatalities. Therefore, developing the capability to estimate the soil corrosivity is important for designing and preserving materials and for risk assessment. The deterioration rate of metal is highly...
In previous papers, we have shown that Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit, supplemented with a trace amount of the holotoxin (LTB * ) could be used as a potent adjuvant for a nasal influenza HA (haemagglutinin) vaccine in humans. The present study was designed to determine whether the effectiveness of a combined LTB * -HA vaccine could be limited by preexisting immunity...
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