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We collect and review works which treat two‐dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in quantum wells (QWs, mostly GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructures) in the presence of quantizing magnetic fields as open systems in contact with outside reservoirs. If a reservoir is sufficiently large, it pins the Fermi level to a certain energy. As a result, in a varying external magnetic field, the thermodynamic equilibrium...
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