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The effects of inorganic salts and organic hydrocarbons on membrane fouling are often investigated independently. However, in many cases, these foulants are commonly found together, and such mixtures are rarely the subject of fouling studies. In this study, crude oil-in-water emulsions were formulated at three different added NaCl concentrations, 0, 10-3 and 10−1 M. Surface properties, such as surface...
Laboratory membrane fouling studies are often performed with a single foulant. However, studies comparing the behavior of different foulants using a single membrane are rarely reported. In this study, a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration membrane was challenged with a series of aqueous-based model fouling media, including a suspension of latex beads, as well as soybean, motor and crude...
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