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Existing commercial driver assistance systems, including automatic braking systems and lane-keeping systems, may monitor the state of the vehicle or the environment to determine whether the systems should intervene. However, the state of the human driver is not typically included in the decision making process. In this paper, we propose to use hidden mode stochastic hybrid systems to model the interaction...
Enhance the efficiency of energy usage and lower energy costs have gained attention in the recent years. Prior research has neglected the transaction structure of energy management service. This study investigated the ex ante and ex post transaction costs with respect the contracting between Energy Service Company (ESCOs) and energy demanders. Combined with the internal control mechanisms and the...
We experimentally demonstrate chromatic dispersion insensitive monitoring of either time misalignment or PMD accumulation in an 80-Gb/s Pol-MUX RZ-DPSK signal using a polarimeter. The monitored DOP decreases 20% and 10.8% with 12.5-ps time misalignment at the transmitter and 12-ps in-line DGD, respectively.
This paper presents an automated means to predicatively detect service degradation signatures or symptoms of VDSL (Very High Bit-rate Digital Line Subscriber) based on performance monitoring measurements. It describes a management structure and methodology for trouble sectionalization and isolation to verify and confirm problem locations. This paper also provides new computing techniques to determine...
We experimentally demonstrate a chromatic dispersion monitoring technique for a 40-Gb/s OOK data by measuring the pulse pattern after optical VSB filtering centered at high frequency. A 142.2-ps delay of the pattern changes with 0∼400-ps/nm chromatic dispersion.
We experimentally demonstrate a technique to simultaneously monitor transmitter chirp and chromatic dispersion utilizing the first and second optical harmonics of a RZ-OOK data. Monitored results of modulator typical chirp and dispersion of 0∼400-ps/nm are obtained.
We experimentally demonstrate a chromatic dispersion monitoring technique utilizing a delay-line interferometer and a <;10-GHz photodetector for 40-Gb/s OOK/DPSK. Spectral shift of RF dip changing with up to 560-ps/nm-CD is measured insensitive to 23-ps-DGD and <;15-dB-OSNR.
We experimentally demonstrate a PMD monitoring technique utilizing the polarizer and low-speed detector for 80-Gb/s pol-muxed RZ-DPSK. RF power increment of 16.2 dB, insensitive to 0~100 ps/nm chromatic dispersion, is measured in the presence of 0~12 ps DGD.
We experimentally demonstrate an OSNR monitoring technique for 80-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed RZ-DPSK utilizing narrowband optical filter and RF spectrum analysis. Maximum RF power increment of 19.7 dB, insensitive to CD and PMD, is measured for monitoring of OSNR up to 27 dB.
We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical chromatic dispersion monitoring technique utilizing cross-phase modulation in highly-nonlinear fiber for 40-Gb/s RZ-DPSK. Maximum monitored power variation of 16.5-dB is achieved in the presence of up to 120-ps/nm chromatic dispersion.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring technique for phase-modulated signals utilizing the cross-phase-modulation effect between the input signal and the inserted continuous-wave probe. The probe's optical spectrum changes with the accumulated CD on the input signal, indicating that the optical power variations can be measured for monitoring....
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