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The formation of the fatigue cracks was due to massive vacancy clusters in the subsurface layer of Hadfield steel crossing, which are induced by the accumulated plastic deformation under the conditions of impact and contact stresses from train wheels. The high concentration layers of vacancy clusters were formed parallel to the working surface of the crossing, which caused the initial rolling contact...
The microstructure in the worn surfaces of a failed bainitic steel railway crossing was investigated using optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, nanoindentation and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results indicated that a nanocrystalline layer had formed in the surface of a worn crossing during service. The formation of the nanocrystalline layer was due to the severe plastic deformation (SPD) caused by the repeated...
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