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Class D amplifiers (CDAs) are increasingly ubiquitous as the audio power amplifier (loudspeaker driver) in audio devices due to their significantly higher power-efficiency compared to their linear counterparts. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the design of audio Class D amplifiers is provided, including a comparison of commonly used design architectures/modulation schemes. The key design...
Class D amplifiers are routinely employed as audio amplifiers due to their high power efficiency. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is one of the most important parameters to qualify and quantify their performance. In this paper, THD of a commonly used Bridge-Tied-Load (BTL) Class D amplifier is investigated, including the derivation of the analytical expression for the THD of the BTL Class D amplifier...
Class D amplifiers are routinely employed in power-critical hearing aids for their high power-efficiencies, typically ~90% at high modulation indexes. Nevertheless, at the nominal operation condition where the modulation index M=0.1, the power-efficiency is typically 32%. In this paper, we show that the comparator embodied in the over-current protection circuit of the Class D output stage is dominant...
Open-Loop Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Class D amplifiers are attractive for power critical applications including hearing aids due to their simple hardware and high power-efficiency. Nevertheless, a drawback of open-loop Class D amplifiers is their susceptibility to supply noise, quantified by power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) and power supply induced intermodulation distortion (PS-IMD). In this...
This paper presents a self-tuning inverter-comparator for apulse width modulator (PWM) for Class D amplifiers. The inherentthreshold voltage of the inverter-comparator,VTHC, is independent of process- andtemperature-variations by means of a self-tuning mechanism. Themeasured duty cycle error of the PWM at zero-input is typically0.5%; an error ≤2% is typically specified inpractical realisations. This...
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