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In this paper, micro-corrosion of Al/Cu/W bond pad was studied. During DI water cleaning process, theta phase Al2Cu and surrounding Al performed well as typical galvanic cell, resulting in pad metal micro-corrosion. DI water with Pb2+ is thought to be outside electrical path of the galvanic cell. It is firmly believed that Pb-contained particles on top of Al2Cu and surrounding Al oxide and/or hydroxide...
The paper models the strategic behavior of traders, GenCos and ISO using the multi-leader-follower framework. The outcomes of the strategic behavior of the players have been modeled using an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints. From a policy perspective it is seen that allowing the GenCos to hold FTRs may be welfare enhancing under certain demand conditions and ownership patterns of transmission...
In chloride system, thermodynamic analysis is a useful guide to separate lead and antimony as well as to understand the separation mechanism. An efficient and feasible way for separating lead and antimony was discussed. The relationships of [Pb 2+ ][Cl − ] 2 —lg[Cl] T and E—lg[Cl] T in Pb-Sb-Cl-H 2 O system were studied, and the solubilities of lead...
This paper analyzes the influences of team innovation atmosphere and empowering leadership on team innovation behavior. It discusses the effect of team efficacy and put forward the ABC model of medium mechanism of team efficacy between innovation atmosphere and team innovation behavior and empowering leadership and innovation behavior. We test the hypotheses of the model with 104 innovation teams.
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