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Bound solitons are observed in a fiber laser passively mode-locked by carbon nanotube saturable absorber for the first time. Such bound solitons are observed to be stable, and have the characteristic of discrete, fixed soliton separations and phase difference of π. Our results once again show that the bound soliton emission is an intrinsic feature of the mode-locked soliton fiber lasers.
Atomic multi-layer graphene film as a saturable absorber was first demonstrated to be able to mode lock Ytterbium-doped fiber lasers at wavelength around 1 um. Determined by the operation conditions, single or multiple dissipative solitons (DSs) can be generated in the fiber lasers. DSs with pulse duration of 550~630 ps were generated. As graphene can also be used to mode lock erbium-doped fiber lasers...
A material with very low loss as well as excellent thermal and mechanical properties is required to deliver megawatts of RF power through vacuum windows into the plasma vessel of the ITER fusion reactor. Efforts are being made to acquire the necessary experimental data and extend the available theoretical models to elucidate the predominate mechanisms of absorption for mm and sub-mm electromagnetic...
Aluminum (Al) toxicity limits crop productivity in acidic soils. As with many crops, natural genetic variation for Al tolerance has been found in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Al tolerance can be evaluated by replicated field trials, by soil bioassays in pots, or by solution culture methods. To date, alternative marker-assisted methods of Al tolerance selection in barley have not been developed. The...
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