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During the years 2004–2007 many Roman amphora sherds were found in the sea near Cortiçais, off the southern coast of the Peniche peninsula on the Atlantic coast of Portugal. The amphorae are of the Haltern 70 type and stem from a shipwreck that has been dated to the time of the emperor Augustus, between about 15 BC and 15 AD. They were produced in the Roman Province of Baetica in the south of Spain...
Haltern 70 amphora sherds from Castro do Vieito and from kilns in the Roman provinces Baetica and Lusitania were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy, EDX and XRD. An amphora whose handle was carefully studied must have been fired reducingly at a temperature of or above about 900°C and cooled in oxidizing conditions in the end. Oxidation and hematite formation went hand in hand, and the amount of hematite...
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