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Light-activated molecular transducers enable precise manipulation of biological processes and are thus powerful tools for studying or treating disease. Their use in vivo, however, is currently limited by the low penetration of light through biological tissue. While electromagnetic fields at microwave frequencies can penetrate thick tissue, they do not provide direct control over molecular transducers...
Thermal stresses in TSV structures have been measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy and precision wafer curvature technique as a function of temperature and during thermal cycling. The results were verified by finite element analysis (FEA) to characterize the thermal stress behavior of the TSV structures. A nonlinear stress relaxation was observed during initial heating and no preferred grain orientation...
GaSb-based diode lasers emitting at a wavelength of 2.8 μm have been grown. The devices feature GaSb or Al0.21 Ga0.58 In0.21 As0.20 Sb0.80 barrier layers for the quantum wells, respectively. The transparency current density, modal gain, internal absorption, and characteristic temperature have been investigated on both devices. Since the barrier layers serve at the same time as waveguide for the laser...
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