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The discovery by Fire and Mello in 1998 of sequence-specific gene silencing as a response to double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), termed RNA interference (RNAi), has had an enormous impact on biology. In RNAi and related pathways, small noncoding RNAs of 20–30 nucleotides (nt) guide regulatory complexes to RNA targets via base-pairing and promote the inactivation of homologous sequences by a variety of...
Gene silencing mechanisms that are mediated by small RNAs of 20-30 nucleotides(nt) are collectively called RNA silencing. The representative mechanism is RNA interference (RNAi), in which ~21-nt small RNAs (short interfering RNAs or siRNAs)efficiently trigger cleavage of target gene transcripts. As a result, proteins are no longer made from the targeted mRNAs. RNAi is tremendously specific and efficient...
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