Search results for: C. Pitts

Items from 1 to 20 out of 45 results

article

A method for studying reinforcement factors controlling impulsive choice for use in behavioral neuroscience

Christine E. Hughes, Jeremy S. Langford, Justin T. Van Heukelom, Ryan C. Blejewski, more

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior > 117 > 3 > 363 - 383

Although procedures originating within the experimental analysis of behavior commonly are used in behavioral neuroscience to produce behavioral endpoints, they are used less often to analyze the behavioral processes involved, particularly at the level of individual organisms (see Soto, 2020). Concurrent‐chains procedures have been used extensively to study choice and to quantify relations between...

article

Effects of chlordiazepoxide on pausing during rich‐to‐lean transitions

Jeremy S. Langford, Sydney R. Batchelder, D. Austin Haste, Elizabeth P. Thuman, more

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior > 116 > 1 > 3 - 20

Extended pausing during discriminable transitions from rich‐to‐lean conditions can be viewed as escape (i.e., rich‐to‐lean transitions function aversively). Thus, an anxiolytic drug would be predicted to mitigate the aversiveness and decrease pausing. In the current experiment, pigeons' key pecking was maintained by a multiple fixed‐ratio fixed‐ratio schedule of rich (i.e., larger) or lean (i.e.,...

article

Is Shimp's (2020) approach really less divisive?

Raymond C. Pitts

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior > 115 > 2 > 604 - 610

article

Assessing functions of stimuli associated with rich‐to‐lean transitions using a choice procedure

Jeremy S. Langford, Raymond C. Pitts, Christine E. Hughes

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior > 112 > 1 > 97 - 110

Under fixed‐ratio schedules, transitions from more to less favorable conditions of reinforcement (rich‐to‐lean transitions) usually generate extended pausing. One possible explanation for this effect is that stimuli associated with rich‐to‐lean transitions are aversive and, thus, extended pausing functions as escape. The purpose of this study was to characterize further the aversive function of different...

article

On multiscaled and unified

Raymond C. Pitts

The Behavior Analyst > 2013 > 36 > 2 > 313-323

I thank Linda Hayes, Maria Malott, and Jack Marr for organizing a most stimulating conference, and for inviting me to participate. I also thank Billy Baum and Charlie Shimp for their interesting and provocative papers, and the B. F. Skinner Foundation for permission to reprint the material shown in Figure 1. Finally, I thank Christine Hughes and Kim Sawrey for serving as sounding boards for some of...

article

Differential relations of locus of control to perceived social stress among help-seeking adolescents at low vs. high clinical risk of psychosis

Zachary B. Millman, Marc J. Weintraub, Eryn Bentley, Jordan E. DeVylder, more

Schizophrenia Research > 2017 > 184 > C > 39-44

Research suggests that perceived social stress influences illness presentation and course among youth in the clinical high-risk (CHR) phase of psychosis. Little is known, however, about the social cognitive factors associated with social stress perception in this population, particularly relative to youth with non-CHR psychopathology. Individuals with psychosis tend to endorse an external locus of...

article

Weight gain trajectories in hospital‐based treatment of anorexia nervosa

Saniha H. Makhzoumi, Janelle W. Coughlin, Colleen C. Schreyer, Graham W. Redgrave, more

International Journal of Eating Disorders > 50 > 3 > 266 - 274

Weight gain is a primary treatment goal for anorexia nervosa (AN); however little is known about heterogeneity in weight gain pattern during treatment. Preliminary evidence suggests weight gain trajectory is associated with treatment outcome. This study grouped patients using mixture modeling into weight gain trajectories, and compared predictors and treatment outcomes between trajectory groups. Women...

article

Escape from rich‐to‐lean transitions: Stimulus change and timeout

Billie J. Retzlaff, Elizabeth T. P. Parthum, Raymond C. Pitts, Christine E. Hughes

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior > 107 > 1 > 65 - 84

Extended pausing during discriminable transitions from rich‐to‐lean conditions can be viewed as escape (i.e., rich‐to‐lean transitions function aversively). In the current experiments, pigeons’ key pecking was maintained by a multiple fixed‐ratio fixed‐ratio schedule of rich or lean reinforcers. Pigeons then were provided with another, explicit, mechanism of escape by changing the stimulus from the...

article

Childhood pegboard task predicts adult-onset psychosis-spectrum disorder among a genetic high-risk sample

Pamela Rakhshan, Holger Sørensen, Jordan DeVylder, Vijay Mittal, more

Schizophrenia Research > 2016 > 178 > 1-3 > 68-73

Motor abnormalities have been established as a core aspect of psychosis-spectrum disorders, with numerous studies identifying deficits prior to clinical symptom presentation. Additional research is needed to pinpoint standardized motor assessments associated with psychosis-spectrum disorders prior to illness onset to enhance prediction and understanding of etiology. With a long history of findings...

article

High-risk diagnosis, social stress, and parent-child relationships: A moderation model

Eryn Bentley, Zachary B. Millman, Elizabeth Thompson, Caroline Demro, more

Schizophrenia Research > 2016 > 174 > 1-3 > 65-70

Stress is related to symptom severity among youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, although this relation may be influenced by protective factors. We explored whether the association of CHR diagnosis with social stress is moderated by the quality of parent-child relationships in a sample of 96 (36 CHR; 60 help-seeking controls) adolescents and young adults receiving mental health services...

article

Limits to preference and the sensitivity of choice to rate and amount of food

Carlos F. Aparicio, William M. Baum, Christine E. Hughes, Raymond C. Pitts

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior > 105 > 2 > 322 - 337

Studies of choice holding food‐amount ratio constant while varying food‐rate ratio within sessions showed that local changes in preference depend on relative amount of food. The present study investigated whether sensitivity of choice to food‐rate ratio and sensitivity to food‐amount ratio are independent of one another when food‐rate ratios are varied across sessions and food‐amount ratios are varied...

article

Context matters: The impact of neighborhood crime and paranoid symptoms on psychosis risk assessment

Camille Wilson, Melissa Edmondson Smith, Elizabeth Thompson, Caroline Demro, more

Schizophrenia Research > 2016 > 171 > 1-3 > 56-61

Psychosis risk assessment measures probe for paranoid thinking, persecutory ideas of reference, and suspiciousness as part of a psychosis risk construct. However, in some cases, these symptoms may reflect a normative, realistic, and even adaptive response to environmental stressors rather than psychopathology. Neighborhood characteristics, dangerousness for instance, are linked to levels of fear and...

article

Radiographic morphometry and densitometry predict strength of cadaveric proximal humeri more reliably than age and DXA scan density

John G. Skedros, Alex N. Knight, Todd C. Pitts, Peter J. O'Rourke, more

Journal of Orthopaedic Research® > 34 > 2 > 331 - 341

Methods are needed for identifying poorer quality cadaver proximal humeri to ensure that they are not disproportionately segregated into experimental groups for fracture studies. We hypothesized that measurements made from radiographs of cadaveric proximal humeri are stronger predictors of fracture strength than chronological age or bone density values derived from dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry...

article

Using parent and youth reports from the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition to identify individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis

Elizabeth Thompson, Emily Kline, Gloria Reeves, Steven C. Pitts, more

Schizophrenia Research > 2014 > 154 > 1-3 > 107-112

Brief self-report screening can help facilitate early identification of individuals at risk for or in early stages of psychosis. Existing screening tools focus on self-reported attenuated positive symptoms to detect potential risk; however, parent reports may also be helpful for assessing symptoms, especially in younger patients. Recent evidence has shown that the “atypicality” scale within the self-report...

article

Psychosis-like experiences and distress among adolescents using mental health services

Emily Kline, Elizabeth Thompson, Kristin Bussell, Steven C. Pitts, more

Schizophrenia Research > 2014 > 152 > 2-3 > 498-502

Although 'psychosis-like experiences' (PLEs) may reflect elevated risk for onset of serious mental illness, many individuals reporting PLEs are not truly at risk for developing clinical psychosis. Interview-based instruments that define and diagnose “clinical high risk” status attempt to distinguish between normative PLEs and attenuated symptoms indicating progression toward psychosis by probing whether...

article

Identifying youth at risk for psychosis using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition

Elizabeth Thompson, Emily Kline, Gloria Reeves, Steven C. Pitts, more

Schizophrenia Research > 2013 > 151 > 1-3 > 238-244

Identification of youth at risk for or with early psychosis has become the focus of many research and clinical initiatives, as early intervention may be linked to better long-term outcomes. Efforts to facilitate identification have led to the development of several self-report instruments that intend to quickly assess “attenuated” psychosis, potentially screening people for further evaluation. The...

article

Parent–adolescent agreement on psychosis risk symptoms

Emily Kline, Elizabeth Thompson, Caroline Schimunek, Gloria Reeves, more

Schizophrenia Research > 2013 > 147 > 1 > 147-152

Despite practice guidelines recommending caregiver inclusion for assessment of mental health problems in adolescents, clinical high-risk (CHR) assessment tools that target attenuated psychosis symptoms rely solely on self-report. As many individuals in the clinical high-risk phase are expected to be adolescents, and programs of CHR research routinely recruit participants as young as twelve, parent...

article

Psychosis risk screening in youth: A validation study of three self-report measures of attenuated psychosis symptoms

Emily Kline, Camille Wilson, Sabrina Ereshefsky, Danielle Denenny, more

Schizophrenia Research > 2012 > 141 > 1 > 72-77

Brief self-report questionnaires that assess attenuated psychosis symptoms have the potential to quickly and effectively screen many people who may benefit from clinical monitoring or early intervention. The current study sought to examine and compare the criterion validities of attenuated symptoms screening tools with diagnoses obtained from the clinician-administered Structured Interview for Psychosis...

article

Psychometric properties of a youth self-report measure of neglectful behavior by parents

Howard Dubowitz, Miguel T. Villodas, Alan J. Litrownik, Steven C. Pitts, more

Child Abuse & Neglect > 2011 > 35 > 6 > 414-424

This study aimed to empirically assess psychometric properties of a multi-dimensional youth self-report measure of neglectful behavior by parents.Data were gathered from 593 12-year-old youth participating in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) consortium; 272 also had data at age 14. Youth responded to a 25-item measure of their experiences of neglect. Expert raters classified...

article

Pervasive Cognitive Impairment in Acute Rehabilitation Inpatients Without Brain Injury

Adam J. Woods, Victor W. Mark, Anthony C. Pitts, Mark Mennemeier

PM&R > 2011 > 3 > 5 > 426-432

To establish feasibility for the hypothesis that patients in acute rehabilitation who are hospitalized for disorders not known to involve cerebral injury can have significant cognitive impairment.A comparison of performances on neuropsychological tests between 2 samples of subjects: inpatients in an acute rehabilitation hospital without known cerebral disease and normal community-dwelling persons...

Publication date

Last 3 years (1)

Close

Date range setting

Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.

From:

To:
Set your own date range

INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: C. Pitts

A method for studying reinforcement factors controlling impulsive choice for use in behavioral neuroscience

Effects of chlordiazepoxide on pausing during rich‐to‐lean transitions

Is Shimp's (2020) approach really less divisive?

Assessing functions of stimuli associated with rich‐to‐lean transitions using a choice procedure

On multiscaled and unified

Differential relations of locus of control to perceived social stress among help-seeking adolescents at low vs. high clinical risk of psychosis

Weight gain trajectories in hospital‐based treatment of anorexia nervosa

Escape from rich‐to‐lean transitions: Stimulus change and timeout

Childhood pegboard task predicts adult-onset psychosis-spectrum disorder among a genetic high-risk sample

High-risk diagnosis, social stress, and parent-child relationships: A moderation model

Limits to preference and the sensitivity of choice to rate and amount of food

Context matters: The impact of neighborhood crime and paranoid symptoms on psychosis risk assessment

Radiographic morphometry and densitometry predict strength of cadaveric proximal humeri more reliably than age and DXA scan density

Using parent and youth reports from the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition to identify individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis

Psychosis-like experiences and distress among adolescents using mental health services

Identifying youth at risk for psychosis using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition

Parent–adolescent agreement on psychosis risk symptoms

Psychosis risk screening in youth: A validation study of three self-report measures of attenuated psychosis symptoms

Psychometric properties of a youth self-report measure of neglectful behavior by parents

Pervasive Cognitive Impairment in Acute Rehabilitation Inpatients Without Brain Injury

Filter options

Publication date

Content availability

Publication type

Keywords

Data set

Journal

INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: C. Pitts

Add recipient

Sending message cancelled

Are you sure you want to cancel sending this message?

Send message

Filter options

Publication date

Date range setting

Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.

Content availability

Publication type

Keywords

Data set

Journal

Reporting an error / abuse

Sending the report failed

Accessibility options