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To establish the method for evaluating interconnect LER, resist, low-k, and Cu/low-k samples were observed and electric-field enhancement was simulated. Wedge-shape LER was observed in the edges of low-k and Cu/low-k patterns, and simulations showed that the wedge causes serious electric-field enhancement which can degrade TDDB property. To predict the risk of TDDB, inspections of the wedge angle...
To improve speech recognition performance, a feature transformation based on discriminant analysis has been widely used to reduce redundant dimensions of features. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and heteroscedastic discriminant analysis (HDA) are often used for this purpose, and a generalization method for LDA and HDA called power LDA (PLDA) has been proposed. However, these methods may result...
Advancements in biometrics-based authentication have led to its increasing prominence and are being incorporated into everyday tasks. Existing vehicle security systems rely only on alarms or smart card as forms of protection. A biometric driver recognition system utilizing driving behaviors is a highly novel and personalized approach and could be incorporated into existing vehicle security system...
Spectral analysis is applied to such driving behavioral signals as gas and brake pedal operation signals for extracting drivers' characteristics while accelerating or decelerating. Cepstral features of each driver obtained through spectral analysis of driving signals are modeled with a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). A GMM driver model based on cepstral features is evaluated in driver identification...
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